Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition Chronic bronchitis ,emphysema , bronchiectasis , Acute respiratory distress syndrome definition, clinical features and physical therapy treatment

1. NAME : AMINA MUNAWAR
ROLL NO : 15003
ASSIGNMENT : CPPT

2. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
 COPD is a disease state characterized by presence of airflow obstruction due to
chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
 The impairment of lung function is largely fixed but may be particularly reversible
by bronchodilator therapy.
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
It is a clinical disorder characterized by productive cough on most of the days for at least
three consecutive months for more than two successive years.
CLINICAL FEATURES
 Productive cough
 Chest pain

3.  Depression
 Fever
 Weight loss
 Cyanosis
PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT
 Postural drainage , airway clearance technique
 Breathing control and reduce work of breathing ( high side lying, relaxed sitting, forward
lean sitting, relaxed standing )
 Thoracic mobilization exercises
 Increased exercise tolerance
 Percussion and vibration
EMPHYSEMA
It is defined as abnormal and permanent dilation of the air spaces lying beyond the terminal
bronchioles accompanies by destruction of their air walls.

4. CLINICAL FEATURES
Early stage
 Dyspnea
 Nonproductive
 Diaphragm flattens
 AP diameter increases
 Hypoxemia
 Prolonged expiratory phase
Later stage
 Hypercapnia
 Pursed lip breathing
 Use of accessory muscles
 Underweight
 Diminished lung sounds

5. PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT
 Re education of breathing pattern
 Postural drainage – removal of secretions
 Improve thoracic mobility
 Increase exercise tolerance and function ( breathing control taught in position of relaxation
progressing from half lying to standing )
 To regain fullest possible function
BRONCHIECTASIS
It is a condition characterized by permanent dilation and destruction of bronchi due to
obstructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls that may be diffused or
localized resulting in impairment of the drainage of bronchial secretions lead to persistent
infection in the affected segment and lobe.
CLINICAL FEATURES
 Chronic productive cough
 Purulent sputum
 Hemoptysis
 Weight loss
 Anorexia
 Fingers clubbing

PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT

6.  Bronchiectasis reduces mucociliary clearance and patient needs education in sputum
clearance
 Daily programme is required that is sufficient to eliminate coughing in between clearance
sessions
 Hydration an exercise programme is often adequate but other measures such as postural
drainage is required
 Patient should be discouraged from coughing until they are ready to expectorate to minimize
fatigue and cough related stress incontinence
 Encourage the patient to set up life long programme that is effective and suited to their
lifestyle
 Occasional reviews are required
 Non invasive ventilation can benefit those with diffuse diseased
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
It is also known as adult respiratory distress syndrome or non cardiogenic pulmonary edema or
shock lung.
It is a group of disease in which there is damage to the alveolar epithelium and capillary
endothelium that allows the alveolar spaces to become flooded with edema of high protein
content.
It is a severe life threatening medical condition.

7. CLINICAL FEATURES
 Dyspnea
 Labored breathing
 Tachypnea
 Intercostal retraction
 Crepitations all over the base of both the lungs
PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT
 Sitting position optimize lung capacity
 Use of reclining chair at the bedside perhaps should be considered more often

8.  Potential function of all the lung fields will be benefitted with the lungs in a more upright
position
 Patients who are not too unstable to tolerate upright positions may respond may respond
favorably to the prone position