2. General Organization of Male
reproductive system
• TESTIS
• Ductus Epididymis
• Ductus (vas) deferens
• Male accessory Glands ,Urethra and Penis
3.
4. TESTIS
• covered by a dense collagenous coat called
the tunica albuginea.
• Septa extend into the testis to separate the
lobules.
• Most of the testis is occupied by highly coiled
somniferous tubules.
• Stroma loose CT, lack smooth muscles , highly
vascular, contains INTERSTITIAL CELLS
6. Testicular capsule
• Tunica albuginea-
• dense white fibrous capsule
• composed of dense irregular connective
tissue,
• forming septa that divide each testis into
series internal compartments called lobules
7. - The seminiferous tubules are composed
of spermatogonia located at the base of
the epithelium with large round nuclei.
- Spermatogonia give rise to primary
spermatocytes, with larger nuclei
midwsay up in the epithelium. The nuclei
are round with distinct bundles of dense
chromosomes. These cells are in extended
prophase of the first meiotic division.
- The primary spermatocytes further
develop into spermatids located higher up
in the epithelium toward the lumen. The
round nuclei become smaller, denser, and
change shape into the heads of mature
sperm, or spermatozoa.
8.
9. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
• Basement membrane surrounds stratified
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM.
• spermatogonia located at the base of the
epithelium with large round nuclei.
• primary spermatocytes, with larger nuclei
midways up in the epithelium.
10. • The primary spermatocytes further develop
into spermatids located higher up in the
epithelium toward the lumen.
• mature sperm, or spermatozoa.
11.
12.
13. Spermatogenesis
• Process where the spermatogenic cells in the
seminiferous tubules divide, differentiate, and
produce sperm.
• 3 phases
– Mitotic division of spermatogonia
– Meiotic division of spermatocytes, somatic
chromosome no. – spermatids
– Spermiogenesis morphological transformation spermatids
sperm.
14.
15. SERTOLI CELLS (SUPPORTING CELLS)
• are large, relatively pale and irregularly
shaped.
• Broad base rest on basement membrane.
• Nucleus basal and wrinkled with a prominent
nucleolus.
• long, apical cytoplasmic folds.
16. Sertoli cells contd ….
• Form hemidesmosomes with BM.
• Temporary junctions with germinal cells.
• Adjacent cells join by Tight Junctions.
17. Functions of Sertoli cells
physical support, protection and nutrition
of the developing sperm (spermatids)
• Phagocytosis of cytoplasm developing
sperm (spermatids)
• Produce and release ABP.
20. Testes produce both testosterone and
sperm
• LH and FSH are produced by the pituitary gland.
• LH binds to receptors on the interstitial cells
(Leydig cells) and stimulate testosterone.
• FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to synthesize and
release ABP (androgen-binding protein) into
seminiferous tubules to stimulate
spermatogenesis.
• ↑ concentration of testosterone essential for
proper spermatogenesis.
21. Blood testis barrier
• Lateral processes of Sertoli cells are
interconnected by tight junctions, which are
the structural basis for the blood-testis barrier.
• Subdivides each somniferous tubule into:
• BASAL COMPARTMENT
• ADLUMINAL COMPARTMENT
• autoimmune system response.
• Keeps harmful substances of blood away.
27. Straight testicular tubules
• Connect seminiferous tubules to Rete testis.
• Short and straight course.
• Simple squamous /Simple columnar.
• Epithelium contain macrophages, lymphocytes.
• Terminal segment may function as a valve.
29. Rete Testis
• Irregularly anstomosing channels surrounded
by loose CT.
• Most part present in Mediastinum Testis.
• Elastic fibers and contractile cells present
underneath the epithelium.
31. Efferent Ductules
• The rete testis lead into the efferent ductules.
• towards the head of the epididymis.
• Epithelium simple columnar (ciliated/Non
ciliated).
• serrated or scalloped epithelial lining.
• Ciliated cell no.
• Three to six layers Myofibroblast +loose CT
48. Terminal Portion (AMPULLA Of Ductus Deferens)
The terminal portion of the ductus deferens enlarges into an ampulla.
Mainly mucosa is different.
• The lumen of the ampulla is larger than that of the ductus deferens.
• The mucosa also exhibits numerous irregular, branching mucosal
folds and glandular diverticula or crypts located between the folds
that extend to the surrounding muscle layer.
• The secretory epithelium and the glandular diverticula is simple
columnar or cuboidal.
• Below the epithelium is the lamina propria .
• Muscularis consists of a thin inner longitudinal muscle layer , a
thick middle circular muscle layer
and a thin outer longitudinal muscle layer .
adventitia surrounds the ampulla.
51. Penis
• The two corpora cavernosa and single corpus
spongiosum form the erectile tissue of the
penis. - The deep artery within the corpus
cavernosum.
- The urethra within the corpus spongiosum
53. THE MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS
• The seminal vesicles
• The prostate gland
• The Bulbo urethral gland
54. The Seminal Vesicle
• Location :
• on the posterior side of the bladder and
lateral to the ampulla of the ductus deferens.
• Compound Tubuloacinar gland.
• Mucosa_ folded_psd.st. col. Epithelium.
• Fat cells-
57. The prostate Gland
• The prostate gland is an exocrine gland
located inferior to the bladder.
• citric acid and acid phosphatase
• lined with simple columnar epithelium
• A characteristic folded appearance.
• Distinct concretions that are spherical or oval