i think is more useful for botany students.to know about the hydrid techniques in plants.

1. EMASCULATION,BAGGING AND
CROSSING
SUBMITTED BY:
A.MOHAMED MANSUR ALI
1-M.Sc (BOTANY)
ROLL.NO:19PA7763

2. HYBRIDIZATION
 The Crossing Of Two Genetically Different Parent Plantsis
Called Hybridization.
 The Resulting Of Offspiring Are Called Hybrids.
 Types:
1.Emasculation
2.Bagging
3.Crossing

3. 1.EMASCULATION:
 The Removal Of Stamens From Flowers Of Female Parent
Before The Dehiscence Of Anthers ,Is Called Emasculation.
 It Is Done In A Few Hours Before The Opening Of The
Flower Buds.
 Emasculation Is Used To Avoid Self Pollination.
 It Is Necessary For All Bisexual Flowers,not Required For
Unisexual Flowers.
 If Flowers Are Large To Do Manual Emasuculation. Forceps
Or Scissor Method.e.g:paddy,wheet,etc.
 If Flowers Are Very Small In Sized Emasculation Is Done
With Using Hot Water Method.e.g:Sorgum,Barly,etc.

5. BAGGING:
After the emasculation , the flowers or panicles are
enclosed in a paper bag to protect them from
contaminating pollen grains.
In most cases bagging maybe done in the evening.
The bags are tied at the base using a thread.
The male and female flowers are bagged separetly to
prevent the entry of pollen grains from outside.
Bags are removed from male plants after collecting the
pollen grains from the stamens.
On other hand ,bags are retained on female flowers
and panicles upto the stages of seed deveolpment.

7. CROSSING:
The transefer of pollengrains collected from male
plant to emasculated female flowers is called
crossing orartificial cross pollination.
It involves the collection of pollen from desired
male plant and putting them on the pistill of
emasculated flower.
The stamens are gently teased with a forceps to
release the pollen from them and it collected from
petridish.
Crossing is usually done in morning.

8. Thank you...