water resources by amulya

2. Introduction
 Water is an inexhaustible and valuable natural resource.
The existence of the plant and animal kingdoms depends
on water. So water is called "LIFE“.
 It is indispensable in our day-to-day life in preparing food,
for bathing and drinking etc. Water is also essential for
irrigation, generation of hydro-electricity, navigation and
industries.
 While 67% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, only less
than 2.7% of global water is freshwater.
 Most of the freshwater (2.05%) are locked in ice caps and
glaciers. Only less than 0.7% is available for human use.

3. Global overview
Over two thirds of the earth's surface is
covered with water, 97.2% of which is
contained in the five oceans. The Antarctic ice
sheet, containing 90% of all fresh water on the
planet, is visible at the bottom. Atmospheric
water vapour can be seen as clouds,
contributing to the earth's albedo .
Iceberg and Polar cap store most of the fresh
water on Earth.

6. Sources Of Fresh Water
There are three types of fresh water sources.
Surface water.
Ground water.
Desalination.

7. Surface water
 Surface water is a water in a river , lake or fresh water
wet land.
 Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation
and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans
evaporation.
 The main uses of surface water include drinking-water
and other public uses, irrigation uses, and for use by
the thermoelectric-power industry to cool electricity-
generating equipment.

8. GroundWater
 Ground water is a part of the
hydrologic cycle that lies beneath
the surface, but is tied to surface
supplies.
 Ground-water, of course, is the
largest potential source of supply of
fresh water in the hydrologic cycle-
larger than all surface lakes and
streams combined.
 Groundwater movement depends on
the slope of the water table which,
to a certain extent, follows the
contours of the land surface.

9. Desalination
 This means taking out
the salt and any bacteria
and pollution. This
process is now being
used all around the world
to provide people with
a much
needed dependable
supply of fresh water.
 In ancient times, many
civilizations used this
process on their ships to
convert sea water into
drinking water.

10. Distributionof water
 The distribution of water on the
Earth’s surface is extremely
uneven. Only 3% of water on the
surface is fresh. the remaining
97% resides in the oceans.
 Of freshwater, 69% resides in
glaciers, 30% underground, and
less than 1% is located in lakes,
rivers and swamps.
 Looked at another way, only one
percent of the water on the Earth’s
surface is usable by humans, and
99% of the usable quantity is
situated underground.

12. Competing water uses

13. Consumption of water
 Water consumption is defined as the
freshwater taken from ground or
surface water sources, either
permanently or temporarily, and
conveyed to the place of use.
 Additionally, 15% of freshwater is
used for energy supply, which
jeopardizes the availability of water
to ensure increased energy security.
 Agriculture uses 70% of the world’s
accessible freshwater where 60% is
wasted due to inefficient farming
practices and irrigation management
systems.
 At a world level, it is estimated that
water demand rose by more than
double that of the rate of population
growth in the last century, with
agriculture being the largest user of
water.

14. Scarcity of water
 Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient
available water resources to
meet water needs within a region.
 It affects every continent and around 2.8
billion people around the world at least
one month out of every year.
 Worldwide, just under 900 million people
lack reliable access to safe water that is free
from disease and industrial waste.
 And forty percent do not have access to
adequate sanitation facilities.
 The result is one of the world's greatest
public health crises: 4,500 children die
every day from waterborne diseases, more
than from HIV-AIDS, malaria, and
tuberculosis combined.
 One fifth of the world's population lives in
areas where water is physically scarce, and
a quarter of the population faces shortages
due to lack of infrastructure.

17. So please save WATER, saveLIFEandEARTH