2. WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
• refers to philosophical thinking in the Western or
Occidental world, (beginning with Ancient Greece and
Rome, extending through central and western Europe
and, since Columbus, the Americas)
• as opposed to Eastern or Oriental philosophies
(comprising Indian, Chinese, Persian, Japanese and
Korean philosophies) and the varieties of indigenous
philosophies.
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3. • Over the centuries, Western Philosophy has
strongly influenced and been influenced by Western religion,
science, mathematics and politics. Indeed, in ancient times, the
word "philosophy" was used to mean ALL intellectual endeavors,
and, as late as the 17th Century, the natural sciences (physics,
astronomy, biology) were still referred to as branches of "natural
philosophy".
• It has also influenced (and in turn been influenced by) the
teachings of the Abrahamic religions (Jewish philosophy,
Christian philosophy, and Islamic philosophy).
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4. EASTERN PHILOSOPHY
• Eastern Philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of Asia. Notable among these are:
• Indian Philosophy, Chinese Philosophy, Korean Philosophy, Japanese Philosophy
• The term sometimes also includes Middle Eastern traditions of philosophical thought, including:
• Persian Philosophy, Arabic Philosophy, Babylonian Philosophy, Jewish Philosophy
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5. HINDUISM
• • It a religious culture around 1500-2000B.C
• • Their literature is Vedas,the bodies ofknowledge.
• • Hold the universe to be all one,Brahman.
• • Everything has same soul in all livingbeing.
• • The purpose of life is to findenlightenment
• • The cycle of birth and death goeson
•• Karma- chain of causes. All of our actions will eventually have consequences
• • Desire is the root of allevil.
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6. BUDDHISM
• A philosophical tradition, founded by Gautama Siddhartha Buddha in the
5thcentury B.C
• Buddhism attempts to conquer the suffering through the elimination of
desire and egoand attainment of the state of nirvana.
• Nirvana- permanent liberation from life, become one with the universe.
• Four NobleTruths
(1) suffering
(2) causes
(3) elimination
(4) enlightened living
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7. BUDDHISM
• • Siddhartha Buddha (563-483)a philosophical tradition, founded by Gautama .
• • Buddha means enlightened one i-e rational being.
• • His ideas are based on reasons not revealed.
• • Truth are available for all with reasons.
• •Buddhism attempts to conquerthe suffering throughthe elimination of desire and ego and
attainment of the state of nirvana.
• • Nirvana- permanent end of life,become one with the universe.
• • 4 Noble Truths are
• (1)suffering(2)causes(3)elimination(4)enlighten
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8. FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1)Sorrow is the universal experience of mankind.
2)The cause of sorrow is desire, and the cycle of rebirths is perpetuated
by desire for existence.
3)The removal of sorrow can only come from the removal of desire.
4)The desire can be systematically abandoned by
following the Noble Eightfold Path
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9. NIRVANA
• Nirvana- permanent liberation fromlife
• Liberation from the cycle of samsara, we cease to exist and become one
with the universe.
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10. REINCARNATION
Reincarnation, the view that after death human beings live
again in other forms
Bhagavad-Gita:
"We have all been for all time: I, and thou, and those king of
men. And we shall be for all time, we all for ever and ever"
"As a man leaves an old garment and puts on the one that is new,
the Spirit leaves his mortal body and then puts on one that is
new"
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11. KARMA
• the sum total of the acts done in one stage of person's existence, which
determines his destiny in the next stage
• a form of matter, which can contaminate a soul and postpone its attaining
Nirvana
• the doctrine that whatsoever a man sows, whether in action or
thought, the fruits will eventually be reaped by him – if not in this life,
then in the next
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12. CONFUCIANISM
• Confucius was a founder of this Chinese thought.
• It is concerned with morality ,social ethics.
• His teaching treat other as you would like to be treated.
• What you don’t desire for yourself, don’t do to others.
• Deal with the great while it is yet small.
• Family is metaphor for society to develop.
• Ethics concerned with humanness .
• No need for physical punishment and law
• Build the character of individual.
• All human beings are alike at birth.
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13. TAOISM
• Lao tzu was the founder ofTaoism,.
• All the change in the world lies on one fundamental universal principle: the Way
or Tao.
• The way and its power is the path of balancedlife.
• Something and Nothing produce to eachother.
• The root of all is these two opposite forces in the universe.
• Contractive and expansive forces in theuniverse.
• Two principles ,yin and yang,contravctive and expanisive.
• Act with harmony to nature don't need tochange.
• Respect the allecological balance of nature.
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14. DAOISM
• Dao- “the way,” become one with the cosmos, with nature,
with all things
• Ying and Yang: balance is good, “proper harmony”
• Daoism has changed throughout the centuries,
increasing in mysticism and superstition, increased
knowledge of metallurgy and astronomy
• Lao Zi: “Old Sage,” Chinese philosopher and founder, Tao Te Ching
(The Way and Its Power)
19
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15. DAOISM
• Dao is the main notion of Daoism that gives answers to all the
questions about origin of the world and the way it exists. It is the
initial cause and the only law of the universe to which nature, society
and man are subordinated.
• The essence of Dao is non-being, that is why it can neither be
cognized by mind nor determined by means of words.
• When we think that life's occurrences seem unfair (a human
discrimination), we should remember that heaven's net misses
nothing and it leaves nothing undone.
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16. MYSTICISM
• Represents a mystical, theosophical, andascetic
• Becoming one with absolutepure
• Secret experience of somethingspiritual.
• Intuitive understanding ofreality
• All sort of esoteric traditions and practiceunite.
• Purification of heart turning it away all exceptGod.
• Divine love is the essence ofmysticism.
• Attainment f ultimate universal onetruth.
• (Self) transformation by practices andactions.
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17. Buddhism develops later India.
The Buddha achieves enlightenment, or oneness with
Brahmin,
and passes on to his followers his Path for attaining
enlightenment.
Buddhism travels to China, where it is influenced by the Taoist
tradition of Lao Tzu.
This variety of Buddhisms travels to Japan, where it flourishes and comes to be
known as Zen Buddhism.
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18. • Very broadly speaking, according to some commentators, Western society strives to find and prove "the truth",
while Eastern society accepts the truth as given and is more interested in finding the balance. Westerners put
more stock in individual rights; Easterners in social responsibility.
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