Intelligent Transportation Systems across the world

A COURSE PROJECT ON “INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ACROSS THE WORLD”
By
Anam
ID NO. : SE21PCIE001
Ph.D. Research Student
(Transportation Systems Planning)
Department of Civil Engineering
Course Instructor
Dr. Saladi S.V. Subbarao
(Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Centrale
School of Engineering)

SUMMARY
To manage complex traffic challenges, any of the ITS applications uses a Traffic
Management Centre (TMC), where data is collected, processed, and coupled with other
operational and control ideas. Typically, a network of traffic operation centers is used to
coordinate the management of transportation infrastructure by numerous authorities. There is
frequently a localized distribution of data and information, and different criteria are used by
different centers to fulfill traffic management goals. Because of the variability of demand and
performance characteristics of interacting subsystems, this interdependent autonomy in
operations and decision-making is necessary. The main goal of ITS is to appraise, create,
evaluate, and integrate new sensor, information, and communication technologies and
concepts in order to improve traffic efficiency, improve environmental quality, save energy,
save time, and improve safety and comfort for drivers, pedestrians, and other users.
In the U. S., Eu states, Japan, the Mid East, and Ontario, the interoperability of location and
information-based technologies into vehicles, infrastructure, traffic management, and traveler
information services has led to substantial improvements in the safe and efficient mobility of
people and freight.
Another key ITS strategy is to improve public transit such that it is more appealing than
private transportation. Improvement in the quality of public transit with ITS technology will
encourage increased use and hence aid transportation management. In India, ITS should
collaborate closely with the energy sector to promote fuel-efficient transportation regulations
and practices. Only by implementing ITS at the network level, rather than in tiny corridors,
can the full potential of the technology be realized.
Overall, the present implementations demonstrate the feasibility and potential of ITS
deployment in India, as well as providing an early empirical base and data on ITS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ⅰ. Introduction ...................................................................................................1 - 4
Ⅱ. Historyof ITS .............................................................................................. 5 - 7
Ⅲ. Role of ITS in Urban Transportation Systems… ...................................... 8 - 10
Ⅳ. ITS across the world ...................................................................................11 - 18
United States of America...................................................................................11
United Kingdom..................................................................................................12
Europe................................................................................................................14
Middle East........................................................................................................13
India ..................................................................................................................16
Gaps in ITS for Indian traffic conditions......................................................... 19 - 21
Ⅴ. Conclusions................................................................................................. 22 - 23
Ⅵ. References ............................................................................................24
ⅰ

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ACROSS THE
WORLD…
E’COLE CENTRALE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, MAHINDRA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD 1
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
The traffic characteristic of any
country is a reasonable reflection of
its economic profile. In comparison
to US and some European countries,
India has a relatively wider economic
spectrum. The complex interaction
existing among the components of
the transportation system and the
intricacies of the planning process for
such a dynamic system is a matter of
concern. This sinister gap in the economic profile of the people of the country gets reflected
in their domestic and social behavior. The variety in the types of vehicles, dimensions, static
and dynamic characteristics represents the distribution of the wide economic spectrum.
Vehicle ownership tendencies, commute mode choices, willingness to pay, value-of-time are
some of surrogates for these innate latent tendencies. These tendencies manifest as demand
for transportation infrastructure and result in congestion, delay, accidents and pollution.
The traffic stream measurements and way of road pattern followed in the developing and
developed countries are not same. The urban traffic on pavements in India is mixed as well as
unordered. Indian traffic is mainly defined by lane indiscipline, non-uniform vehicular
dimensions and varying static and dynamic features of vehicles.
The utilization of information technology to the traditional transportation system is widely
referred to as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As a result, the benefits of ITS are
obtained from information gathering, dissemination, and consumption. Smart highways,
autonomous/driverless and communicative cars, urban and inter-urban traffic management,
speed limit enforcement, transportation safety and security, and better mobility are all part of
it.
Intelligent transportation system leverages existing infrastructure for improving
transportation efficiency rather than building new infrastructure, which has environmental
and economic drawbacks. Several studies have been conducted in order to assist researchers
and policymakers in determining the informational benefits of ITS. Field operational tests,

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traffic simulations, demand modeling, expert assessment, and other techniques were used to
model these benefits. Several more studies are incomplete or in the calibration stage, despite
the fact that a large range of outcome data is generally available. The current findings point to
a number of inferences.
Commercial vehicle user services, for example, appear to be the early winners. Furthermore,
the most substantial benefits appear to be related to net safety enhancements, but the
possibility for reduced trip times appears minor in contrast. Researchers and policymakers, on
the other hand, should be cautious when presenting these findings and making key decisions
based on them. The data source has a direct impact on the results' veracity. Considering field
operational tests are unique combinations of technologies, the resulting data is a product of
the experimental design and may be hard to extrapolate.
The calibration and validation limitations are prevalent in traffic simulations. Demand
modeling may be dismissed as primarily academic and non-applicable to real-world
situations. Now that benefits data is becoming more publicly available, a review of previous
approaches and outcomes would aid future research in focusing on trustworthy analysis as
well as the data that result. Isn't it true that images speak louder than words? Consider this:
Take a glance at the diagram above, which depicts why ITS is an oxygen mask in current
traffic conditions.

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Transportation technology is undergoing a transformation. New inventions are ready to
completely transform the way we move, while new technology is enhancing the efficiency of
existing transportation techniques. The five technologies listed below have positioned
themselves to the forefront of the most recent transportation revolution.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things is based on the assumption that all people and objects may be
connected via networks. Various aspects of our daily driving could be influenced by these
enormous connected networks:
a) Path Planning — the vehicle's sensors interact with GPS services to find the optimum
route, which is then represented on a head-up display that physically steers the driver along
the route.
b) Collision Avoidance – Sensors signal drivers to the location of other vehicles on the road,
which helps to avoid collisions. Vehicles have the ability to overrule. The vehicles can even
override driver controls to keep away from an accident.
Self-driving cars
The introduction of self-driving vehicles like the Google car and Telsa are getting the concept
of autonomous vehicles closer to reality. Several states have begun to pass legislation to
control and promote the technology's growth. However, the public's safety and acceptance of
these self-driving cars has been a source of interest and concern. Furthermore, a number of
accidents in the summer of 2016 intensified the discussion about autonomous car safety. With
more research and development, autonomous vehicles will probably become a safer
alternative to human drivers, with extra economic and environmental benefits. Trying to
remove human control from the car could help it achieve its intended fuel economy, resulting
in lower gas consumption and lower vehicle ownership expenses.
Materials for Lightweight Vehicles
Automobile manufacturers are under increasing pressure to make vehicles that are both high-
performing and reliable. According to studies, reducing the weight of a vehicle by as little as
10% can improve fuel economy by 6% or more. According to the federal government, if just
25% of vehicles used lighter-weight materials, the country would use 5 billion fewer gallons
of gas per year by 2030.

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The goal of lightweight materials research is to move away from cast iron and steel.
Magnesium-aluminum alloys and carbon fiber construction are the most likely candidates to
replace these metals in the near future. However, uncertainty remains about whether the
materials can sustain the forces of highway accidents and whether manufacturers will be able
to produce lightweight materials at a low enough cost for automakers or not.
Ride-On-Demand Services
Uber, Lyft and Ola revolutionized the way people in big cities get around with urban
transportation in less than two years ago. Riders can summon a vehicle to their location at
any time using an app. Cab firms' revenues have already been affected, while DUI rates have
reduced in several cities as a result of the services. While on-demand ride services are
popular with passengers, severe legal and ethical concerns are prompting governments to
reconsider allowing Uber, Ola, and Lyft to operate in their territories. The main source of
concern is that Uber and Lyft drivers are categorized as contractors rather than employees,
which means they are subject to income tax but receive few benefits. Riders, on the other
hand, value safer roads and greater flexibility.
Hyper loop
SpaceX's hyper loop is perhaps the most ambitious of all the emerging transportation
technologies. The concept is a pneumatic tube that propels vehicles at super-high speeds
using a series of linear induction motors and compressors. The first proposed hyper loop
would run between Los Angeles and San Francisco, taking just 45 minutes to complete the
350-mile journey. If the Hyper loop's technology is the future of long-distance travel in the
United States, only time will tell. The initial cost of a developing technology is exorbitant,
with estimates of the first line exceeding $6 billion. The project's private finance, on the other
hand, minimizes the influence on government spending.
People's perceptions of transportation have shifted dramatically as a result of new
technologies. Slight upgrades to existing modes of transportation could have a significant
impact in the near future, whereas the introduction of wholly new technology, such as the
Hyperloop, could have a significant impact in the future.

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Ⅱ. HISTORY OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
The Electronic Route Guidance System, or ERGS in the United States, was developed in the
1960s to provide drivers with route guidance information based on real-time traffic analysis,
and it marked the beginning of the formal ITS program. The system consisted of specific
hardware deployed at various intersections around the road network, on-board 2-way devices
in vehicles that served as the hub of communication between the driver and the ERGS
system, and a central computer system that processed data from the remote systems. The
ERGS initiative led to the creation of the Automatic Route Control System, or ARCS, in the
early 1970s, which was a more complex, automated system with interactive graphic digital
maps. For improved traffic management, the Urban Traffic Control System was built
simultaneously, connecting multiple traffic lights with computer-generated fixed signal
timings.
The Japanese Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System (CACS) initiative,
apparently one of the world's first public-private collaboration efforts to test an interactive
route guiding system with an in-vehicle display unit, was developed around the same time. In
Germany, the Auto Fahrer Leit- and Information ssystem (ALI) was a dynamic route guiding
system based on real-time traffic circumstances that was used in the 1970s. AMTICS and
RACS initiatives followed, ushering in a new era of high-tech traffic enforcement in Japan.
Meanwhile, the United States worked to draught the Federal Transportation Bill, which
would succeed the Post Interstate Bill of the 1950s and solve concerns like as increased
traffic congestion, travel-related accidents, fuel waste, and pollution. The Intelligent Vehicle
Highway System (IVHS) was created in 1986, resulting in a flurry of ITS advancements.
The GM-sponsored Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility Annual Meeting
(HUFSAM) was conducted in November 1986 in Washington, DC, to collaborate with the
US Department of Transportation in hosting a National Leadership Conference on
"Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS)."
A Federal Advisory Committee for IVHS was formed to assist the US Department of
Transportation in promoting orderly and expeditious movement of people and goods,
developing an efficient mass transit system that integrates smoothly with improved highway
operations, and establishing an active IVHS industry that caters to both domestic and

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international needs. The Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) was
founded in 1991 as a non-profit organization to promote the use of advanced technologies in
surface transportation systems.
Automobile manufacturers in Europe devised the Program for a European Traffic System
with Higher Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety (Prometheus), which was followed by the
European Community's Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Europe (DRIVE)
initiative. The image below illustrates a brief summary of ITS advances around the turn of the
century in three primary geographic areas around the world.

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Ⅲ. ROLE OF ITS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) integrates advanced electronics,
communications, computers, control, sensing, and detecting technologies into all types of
transportation systems to improve safety, efficiency, and service, as well as traffic conditions,
by transmitting real-time data. It has the ability to relive some of today's most problematic
road transportation issues. In general, ITS applications can
Improve traffic flow by reducing congestion
Quickly detect and respond to incidents
Improve air quality by lowering pollution levels locally and reducing travel time
Improve safety by providing advance warning before potential crash situations and
Minimize the effects of environmental, highway and human factors that contribute to
accidents.
ITS can also make travel more convenient by offering accurate and timely information about
network traffic patterns and available transportation options to travelers. It can also help a
country's economy thrive. ITS can also make travel more convenient by delivering accurate
and timely information about network traffic situation and available transportation options to
travelers. It can also help a region's economy thrive by increasing mobility, improving travel
time reliability, and lowering energy usage.
Electronic toll collection, ramp metering, red light cameras, traffic signal coordination, transit
signal priority, and traveler information systems are some of the most well-known ITS
technology now in use across the country.
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) - ETC facilitates payment collection at toll plazas through
automated systems that improve toll collection's operational efficiency and convenience.
Vehicle-mounted transponders are commonly recognized by electronic readers situated in
dedicated or mixed-use lanes at toll plazas. ETC has the ability to boost mobility on the
nation's transportation network dramatically. ETC's nationwide mobility benefits were
estimated to be worth more over $1 billion per year, as according high estimates.

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Ramp Meter - To control the flow of vehicles entering the highway, traffic signals on
freeway ramp metres alternate between red and green signals. Depending on freeway traffic
circumstances, metering rates can be changed. The yearly mobility estimates for RM
technologies were above $287 million.
Red Light Camera (RLC)
RLCs identify a motor vehicle that passes over sensors in the pavement after a traffic signal
has turned red, according to the US DOT Federal Highway Administration's Priority, Market-
Ready Technologies and Innovations. The sensors are linked to computers in high-speed
cameras, which capture two images of the infringement. Typically, the first photo is taken of
the vehicle's front as it approaches the intersection, and the second shot is taken of the
vehicles back as it approaches the intersection. A citation is mailed to the registered owner of
the car once law enforcement officials review the photos.
TSC (Traffic Signal Coordination) - According to the US Department of Transportation's
Traffic Signal Timing Manual, TSC allows for the coordination of several junctions to
improve the operation of one or more directional movements in a system. Arterial routes,
downtown networks, and closely spaced crossings such as diamond interchanges are just a
few examples. The yearly mobility expectations for TSC technology were above $276.5
million.
TSP (Transit Signal Priority) - At signalized junctions, TSP provides transit vehicles
priority attention. To improve transit performance, TSP systems utilize sensors to detect
incoming transit vehicles and change signal timings. When necessary, certain systems, for
example, extend the duration of green signals for public transportation vehicles. Because
transit vehicles may carry a large number of passengers, giving it priority at an intersection
can potentially increase the number of people passing through. Annual mobility estimates for
TSP technology were above $149.9 million.
Several developing countries are fast expanding. One of the consequences of high car growth
without corresponding growth in transportation infrastructure is increased traffic congestion.
Building new transportation infrastructure is one response to the growing congestion
problem. Developing better infrastructure in densely populated places, on the other hand, is
prohibitively expensive.

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Sustainable Community
Sustainable Urban Planning
Indicators
Emissions
Land use
Choice
Effects
Involvment
Access
Ecosystem
Social engagement
Life quality
As a result, emerging countries all over the world are exploring for alternate solutions to this
problem. A set of activities known as Intelligent Transportation Systems is one such option
(ITS).
ITS is a term used to describe systems that use recent breakthroughs in information and
communication technology to improve transportation system management. ITS is a collection
of tools for managing transportation networks and providing services to passengers. The
collection of information and conversion of that data into insights that may be used to meet a
user requirement is one of the most basic functions of ITS Transportation authorities,
operators, and individual commuters can make more coordinated and intelligent decisions
based on timely information thanks to ITS.
"Sustainable transportation" is a third conceptually important link between ITS and
sustainable communities, in addition to sustainable development and sustainable
communities. The process of defining sustainable transportation begins with the recognition
that transportation is a complex system that integrates people, modes, and land uses. Despite
worldwide acceptance of such system characteristics, most conceptual methods to
transportation highlight separate modes (i.e., driving as separate from bicycling, transit, or
walking).
Implications
Projects Programs Structure Strategies
Sustainable communities and ITS
E’COLE CENTRALE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, MAHINDRA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
Traffic impact
ITS
Information
Applications
10

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Ⅳ. ITS ACROSS THE WORLD
The United States of America
The U.S. Department of Transportation coordinates the ITS research activities in the country
through its Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) wing. The RITA
combines cutting edge research with technology transfer and aims to improve the country’s
transportation system. The main aims of RITA include:
Coordinating, facilitating and reviewing research and development programs and
activities of the in-house team as well as academic and industrial partnerships
Developing innovative concepts for traffic management through academic and small
business innovative research (SBIR) programs
Performing comprehensive transportation statistics research, analysis and reporting;
and Educating special groups and general public in transportation and transportation-
related fields.
RITA also coordinates the activities of innumerable federal and private agencies, and also
compiles knowledge gained in the expansion of ITS. Telephonic Data Dissemination,
IntelliDriveSM, Next Generation Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems,
Congestion Initiative, Integrated Corridor Management Systems, Claru Initiative, Emergency
Transportation Operations, Mobility for All Americans, and Electronic Freight Management
are some of the major US-ITS initiatives. Metropolitan areas implement four complementary
and synergistic strategies that contribute to the relief of urban congestion:
Tolling : Reducing congestion via fee payment
Transit: Promoting use of trains, buses, ferries
Telecommuting: Enabling work from alternate locations
Technology: Applying of cutting edge technologies in support of all congestion-
reduction efforts

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The Integrated Corridor Management Systems initiative seeks to collaborate and coordinate
with multiple organizations and program areas within the US Department of Transportation
to identify, test, and deploy appropriate technologies and methods to create an interconnected
system capable of cross-network travel management.
Other successful ITS projects in the United States include variable rate highway tolling,
electronic toll collection, certain advanced traffic management systems such as ramp
metering, and full involvement of the private sector in telematics and travel information.
Several private sector enterprises have begun offering traffic information-related applications
as a paid service to users. Indeed, the USDOT ITS vision statement2007 anticipated that 15
years later, commercial entities in the form of "Information Service Providers," or ISPs,
would be built on the early public sector foundations of ITS. These ISPs were expected to
provide value-added services by gathering data from various sources and developing valuable
information products and services that consumers now regard as equally important as their
television, computer, and telephone services.
The United Kingdom
Some successful implementations of ITS-UK include: Freight transportation maps enabled by
the internet. In London, "Transport for London" (TFL) has created a digital map of all
London's speed limits, which is free to anyone who wants to use the map for personal or
commercial purposes.
Managed highways have demonstrated the benefits of lower emissions due to smoother
traffic flow, the elimination of the need for additional road construction (a carbon-intensive
activity), and better design of roadside equipment that reduces energy consumption.
Cameras, of course, have been installed on major routes across the country on the basis of the
Coucestershire Constbulary's "Ring of Steel" program to monitor journey times and traffic
flow. Furthermore, several tools, such as television, have been developed to aid the "Strategic
Road Network" program, such as the motorway traffic viewer (MTV) and the digital screen
MTV. The Electronic toll collection has been implemented in the regions of the
United Kingdom as depicted in the below figure.

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Information services such as toll
collection and management to support
travel planning - for towns, workplaces,
other activity centers, and individual
citizens. In London, two types of
Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA)
applications are being implemented. The
ISA system takes the speed limit and
displays it to the driver on a dashboard
unit. Voluntary facilitates the driver by
making it even harder to exceed the
speed limit by accident. The key to both systems is that the vehicle is aware of its location on
the road as well as the speed limit. It accomplishes this by incorporating a Global Positioning
System (GPS) signal and a digital speed limit map stored within the ISA unit. The public can
now download a beta version of the Advisory ISA system, which involves source code
released under the GNU authorization.
The London Road Safety Unit (LRSU) is in charge of the London Safety Camera Partnership
(LSCP), which implements cameras to enforce speed limits and reduce the number of people
who run red lights. TFL is also working on a futuristic bus shelter that will use solar power to
power CCTV and a real-time passenger information display.
In London, step-free access tube stations are equipped with ramps and escalators. London's
public transit buses are gradually being converted to hybrid vehicles. All new buses put into
service after 2012 are presumed to be hybrid-powered.
The Middle East
Inspired by the increased traffic efficiency and safety on European roads as a result of the
implementation of ITS, the Mid East, whose transportation sector is increasing faster than
anywhere else in the world, has begun introducing and implementing ITS systems since the
last decade. The ITS-Arab Organization's flagship conference, concentrates on ITS issues and
required developments. Gulf Traffic Intelligent Systems, Ontario; Intelligent Transport
Systems India; the South African Society for Intelligent Transport Systems; and ITS America
all support the ITS system. Dubai Municipality has begun Phase I of Project ITS Dubai,
Ireland
• Eazy Pass on national toll roads in Ireland
• Tamar BridgePoint to point speed enforcement
United
Kingdom
• DART-tag for the Dartford Crossing
• M6 Toll tag in the Midlands
• London congestion charge in London
• Severn TAG for the Severn Bridge crossing and
Second Severn Crossing

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which is widely regarded as the first comprehensive ITS project in the Middle East and one
of the most sophisticated ITS projects currently being implemented worldwide. This ITS is
expected to serve a rapidly growing population, and the prospect of phenomenal economic
growth has attracted investors and businesses from across the world.
Several integrated approaches are being implemented in Dubai to achieve ITS, such as the
construction of new roads and interchanges, the promotion of public transportation, and the
development of the road network. The Dubai Municipality's ITS project has been in the
works since mid-2002, and now it has reached the tendering stage, having successfully
completed planning, study, preliminary design, and final design.
Several integrated approaches, such as the construction of new roads and interchanges, the
promotion of public transportation, and the advancement of the road network, are being
implemented in Dubai to achieve ITS. The Dubai Municipality's ITS project has been in the
works since mid-2002, but it has now progressed to the tendering stage after successfully
completing planning, study, preliminary design, and final design.
The ITS is designed so that the municipality is automatically notified of incidents on its
roadways through a combination of real-time traffic flow data from 63 freeway monitoring
stations. Point detection with radar sensors and wide area detection with video image
processing are expected to be installed, particularly along bridges, within tunnels, and at key
interchanges. Stations are designed to be non-intrusive to the pavement and to be easily
handled and migrated if necessary.
The ITS is planned in such a manner in such a way that once an incident is detected and
verified, a software will search through the response planning bank and recommend the best
way to deal with the incident to the operator. The municipality also plans to rebuild the
existing Traffic Control Center into a cutting-edge Comprehensive Traffic Management
Center.
Europe
Road Infrastructures for Vehicle Safety in Europe (DRIVE) and the PROGRAM for High
Efficiency and Unbelievable Safety in European Traffic (PROMETHEUS). DRIVE is
facilitated by the Commission of European Communities (CEC), and PROMETHEUS is an

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integral part of the European Research Coordination Agency (EUREKA) platform, a 19-
country industrial research initiative involving European vehicle manufacturers.
The primary goal of the PROMETHEUS project is system development, whereas DRIVE
focuses on human disruptive behavior and system implementation in the European
community. e-Safety, INVENT, and PReVENT are three other European Union (EU) public-
private partnership initiatives focusing on specific safety applications of ITS technologies.
The EC Directorate General Information Society & Media funded the EU-India project to
introduce ITS solutions in India to improve road safety and the efficiency of the Indian
transportation network. The project brought together European and Indian stakeholders from
administration, industry, and research, and it was specifically keen on Integrated Integrated
Safety Systems (eSafety). The project laid the groundwork for efficient traffic management
solutions for major future events such as the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi in 2010.
The "STADIUM" programme, coordinated by Italy's ISIS, assists in real-time monitoring of
public transportation services, particularly bus transit and feeder services consisting of auto
rickshaws, via interfaces with GPS positioning systems.
The NextMAP project analysed the technical and commercial viability of enhanced map
databases required for in-vehicle ITS applications. It defined and evaluated new map
requirements (geometric accuracy, additional information) for major Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems (ADAS) applications. It has been demonstrated in Coventry (Jaguar),
Stuttgart (DaimlerChrysler), Munich (BMW), Paris (Renault), and Turin (FIAT). The
PReVENT- MAPS&ADAS project improved digital maps, thereby improving the
information that such maps feed into Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). This
project resulted in the creation of standardized interfaces for ADAS applications and map
data sources.
PReVENT, with financial assistance from the European Council's General Directorate for
Information Society and Media, developed, tested, and raised awareness of Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems (ADAS) for improved road safety. The goal was to hasten the
introduction of such ADAS applications for safety across Europe. The project involved over
50 partners and was divided into subprojects that addressed specific road traffic and accident
situations.

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The Speed Alerts project investigated the first priority issues to be addressed at the European
level, such as the collection, maintenance, and certification of speed limit information, and
worked toward realigning the definition of the in-vehicle speed alert concept.
The Global Telematics Protocol (GTP) for telematics service delivery was developed by the
Telematics Forum by integrating the two leading protocols, Application Communication
Protocol (ACP) and Global Automotive Telematics Standard (GATS). It validated the GST
Integrated Project's outcome. The Forum brought together top service providers, control
center operators, middleware providers, terminal manufacturers, and representatives from the
automotive industry to collaborate on the development and market acknowledgement of
enabling standards for the delivery of telematics services
The eSafety program encourages the establishment, deployment, and adaptation of Intelligent
Vehicle Safety Infrastructure to achieve road safety throughout Europe.
India
In India, several ITS applications have been implemented in major cities such as New Delhi,
Pune, Bangalore, and Chennai. Dedicated to stand-alone deployments of area-wide signal
management, parking information, improved public transportation, and toll collecting, among
other things. All of them are, however, small-scale pilot experiments that are limited to big
cities and are still in the early stages of implementation. As a result, India currently lacks
comprehensive, fully developed ITS solutions with traffic management centres.
With financial assistance from the World Bank, ATCs have been established in numerous
Indian cities, including Delhi, Pune, and Mumbai. Region Development Authority
(MMRDA) and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). In this project, modern
technologies such as Speed Check Guns and Multi Radar C were employed, which included
Smart Cameras, Radar sensor, Screen, Manual control unit, Flash generator, Flash light,
Power Box, and Tripod. Internet (June 2008) in Bangalore and Hyderabad project provides a
web-based platform for the public to check real-time traffic conditions at major intersections
and arterial roadways. Real-time traffic photos at congested intersections are accessible. It
covers 40 congested traffic intersections, with information updated every 15 seconds. In
Chennai, traffic updates are broadcast on FM radio to communicate essential information
such as road obstructions and damage caused by rain.

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THE MID
EAST
INDIA
The New Delhi Municipal Council installed a parking control system at Palika Parking in
Connaught Place. This system allows vehicle users to be guided to the closest available
vacant parking space in the parking lot using a variety of sensors, lighting, signboards, and
directional displays, as well as to identify their automobile location at the time of leaving.
Ahmedabad, Pune, Raipur, Bhopal, Indore, Visakhapatnam, and Jaipur are among the cities
that have been chosen to adopt BRT.

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Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI), Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC), Video
Enforcement Systems (VES), and Vehicle Positioning System are some of the technologies
employed in ETC (VPS). ETC systems are used in cities such as Delhi, Chennai, and
Kharagpur. Residents in the Delhi – NCR region can get real-time traffic alerts from
"TheTrafficPeople." It gives real information on traffic issues via websites. They also share
traffic reports with radio stations, allowing them to reach a larger audience. A monthly SMS
alert subscription around Rs. 99is also being implemented.
THE UNITED
STATES
THE UNITED
KINGDOM

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Ⅴ. GAPS IN ITS FOR INDIAN TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
In India, traffic composition significantly varies from city to city. Some cities have maximum
number of cars while as other cities have maximum number of two wheelers. The prediction
of equivalent vehicular unit’s entirely in connection with passenger car for a broad range of
traffic composition might not give correct results. Macroscopic traffic relationships such as
speed flow or speed density may not provide individual effects of vehicle. Driver simulation
tools can help understand the effects of driver, psychological and geometric factors on PCU's
by considering intra vehicular interactions for different driving scenarios. Therefore,
developing driver simulation tools is suggested for unordered mixed traffic state with lane
indiscipline.
Headway being a very important traffic stream measurement because it explains behavior of
driver, flow, and speed through a single measurable factor. However, for unordered traffic
state, the predictions for inaccurate headway measurements are too high. Also, it is difficult
to get headway data in lane undisciplined traffic state .The camera recording during the night
time becomes a problem as headlight glaring affects speed and flow data extraction.
In 2014 semi-automated software tools were developed that could be used for extracting
traffic data these are expensive solutions and therefore, the application of such devices is very
limited in the unordered traffic circumstances. Bluetooth sensors can be beneficial for finding
the vehicles across Bluetooth signals but the classified volume count survey and vehicle
classification would not be accomplished as the vehicle classes are not provided with
Bluetooth transmitters.
Addition of any new vehicle type in the market causes complexity in analysis of passenger
vehicle units and hence demands decent amount of data. Moreover in India there has been
introduction of large sized cars and larger light commercial vehicles with different
characteristics even within the same category.
For unordered traffic conditions the PCU's found to represent different categories of vehicles
by a single vehicle, i.e. mainly Passenger car Besides due to of new developments in
vehicular technologies, the traffic has become highly mixed over past few years including the
prevailing vehicle classes.

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As per latest vehicle statistics in India, across cities including Bengaluru the predominant
composition of two wheelers on Indian traffic roads is highest. Furthermore the cars are of
diverse dimensions, different turning radius etc. In view of lane undisciplined traffic
obtaining the speed-flow curves becomes cumbersome. Hence, traffic relationships such as
speed, density and flow, may not represent individual effects of vehicles.
India's rapidly advancing economy has resulted in a phenomenal increase in the use of
personal automobiles on Indian urban roads, on par with the rest of the world. Between April
2007 and March 2008, the Passenger Vehicles segment in India grew by 12.17 percent. In
India alone, 9.6 million motor driven vehicles were sold in 2007-08. Within the next few
years, India is expected to overtake China as the fastest growing car market.
According to a World Bank study, some of the main issues currently facing the deployment
of ITS in developing countries such as India are: an underdeveloped road network, severe
budget constraints, explosive urban sprawl and growth, a lack of resources for maintenance
and operation, less demand for automation, a lack of interest among key stakeholders, and a
lack of user recognition.
While a number of small-scale ITS projects have been executed in metros, including New
Delhi, Pune, Bangalore, Indore, and Chennai, these systems have primarily focused on
isolated deployments including parking information, area-wide signal control, advanced toll
collection, and web-based traveler information. The majority of these pilot studies are small-
scale and dedicated to a single city. There aren't many complete, fully developed ITS
applications with traffic management institutes in India right now. As can be seen, ITS
penetration in the Indian vehicular network is quite low, and much more has to be done. To
make this a reality, a more systematic approach to ITS implementation is required.
Apart from the applications that have already been established, there is another ITS concept
that will be applicable in India, such as emergency management, congestion management,
sophisticated traffic management systems, and so forth. The implementation of ITS at the
network level, rather than just in small corridors, can it be fully utilized.

WORLD…
Overall, the existing applications clearly show an initial promise and potential for ITS
deployment in India, supplying an initial empirical basis and data on ITS deployment while
highlighting data, methodological, practical, and research challenges for Indian conditions.
Among the specific actions designed to solve ITS challenges in India are as under:
To create a national ITS clearinghouse that documents all ITS projects, including
details on design, implementation, lessons learned/best strategies, and economic
evaluation.
Constructing fully functional Traffic Management Centers to coordinate urban and
regional ITS activities
To formulate and maintain automated traffic data collection methodologies, to
establish a public ITS data archive
Create tools and theories suitable for ITS implementations.
Engaging with academia, industries, and government agencies to generate interest
and, ultimately, projects for Intelligent Transportation Systems

WORLD…
Ⅵ. CONCLUSIONS
The rapidly increasing vehicle population in India, driven by the country's rapid urbanization
and economic recovery, places considerable strain on traffic management in the country's
major cities and towns. In the U. S., European nations, the Great Britain, Japan, the Middle
East, and Canada, the unification of location and information-based technologies into
vehicles, infrastructure, traffic management, and traveler information services has resulted in
dramatic improvements in the safe and efficient mobility of people and freight. Although
India has already attempted to integrate advanced technology and concepts into mainstream
traffic management, more widespread and urgent integration of advanced technology and
concepts into mainstream traffic management is required.
In India, ITS is still in its development, with decision-makers, key planners, and agencies
still educating about its prospects. Due to fundamental cultural, geographic, and practical
variations between the countries, India's ITS cannot be completely modeled after the
successful ITS of other nations. To adapt existing concepts to the Indian traffic situation, it is
necessary to first understand them completely. The following advancements may be explored
in the following sections as they relate to the design of an intense ITS program.
In order to handle and execute ITS effectively in India, modern technology must be
developed and implemented. These technologies encompass electronic devices such as
sensors, detectors, and communication devices, as well as the usage of the global navigation
satellite system (GNSS). Collaboration between the government, academic research
institutes, and the enterprises is required for this to happen.
The successful adoption of any viable ITS system requires a thorough grasp of the Indian
traffic system. Existing models established for western traffic circumstances may not be
suited for Indian traffic, necessitating the modification of models that better characterize
Indian unordered traffic scenario.
To enable effective, efficient, and secure movement of products and services while increasing
natural resource conservation and decreasing environmental consequences such as
contamination, seamless interconnection of several branches of the transportation sector is
essential.

WORLD…
In India, the ITS should collaborate closely with the energy sector to enhance power
regulated transportation regulations and behaviors, such as the use of alternative fuels.
Through the implementation of intelligent transportation services, the government will be
able to obtain long-term economic and environmental benefits.
The building of seamless transportation systems necessitates the use of human abilities.
Given India's dense population and varied skill sets, the ability of its workforce to develop,
manage, and securely apply existing and future technologies is critical for ITS planning and
evaluation. The following tasks must be completed in order to fulfill the challenges of
providing a national traffic management system. The performance of existing transportation
management systems across the country is being monitored and recorded. Setting ambitious,
but attainable, short- and long-term performance targets for transit systems;
Real-time data, traffic models, deeper integration between separate systems, and other
cutting-edge tools and techniques for increasing safety and mobility could all help to improve
the operation of the transportation network.
It is necessary to design key activities and measures that will advance and improve the
development and use of ITS in India. Among these initiatives include addressing the Global
Navigation Satellite System and supporting worldwide standard creation through close
collaboration with the United Nations Organization for Systems Integration processes, which
includes a responsible employment or hiring.

WORLD…
Ⅵ. REFERENCES
1. J.Levine, S.E.Underwood; A Multiattribute Analysis of Goals for Intelligent
Transportation System Planning, Transpn Res.-C., vol. 4(2), pp. 97-111, 1996.
2. M.A.Chowdhury, A.Sadek; Fundamentals of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Planning, Artech house, London, 2003.
3. A Report to the ITS Standards Community ITS Standards Testing Program by
Battelle Memorial Institute for US Department of Transportation (USDOT), Chapter
2.
4. Maxime Flament, Matthias Schulze, "Preventive and active safety Applications”, 13th
ITS World Congress; (2006)
5. https://ieee-itss.org/
6. https://www.eltis.org/

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