climatology

1. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
1

2. GENERAL
WE ALL KNOW THAT OUR HABITAT/ BUILDINGS ETC ARE GREATELY
INFLUENCED BY MANY FACTORS AND THE SINGLE MOST
IMPORTANT FACTOR AMON SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR AN
ARCHITECT TO KNOW ABOUT DIFFERENT REGIONS AND THEIR
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS SO THAT HE OR SHE CAN PLAN
ACCORDINGLY AND EFFECTIVELY.
2

3. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
3
THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE PREVAILS AROUND 15 DEGREE FROM
EQUATOR IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND 30 DEGREES FROM
EQUATOR IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

4. HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
4
IN INDIA THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE CAN
BE EXPERIANCED IN RAJASTHAN,
GUJRAT , MAHARASHTRA AND SOME
PARTS OF MADHYA PRADESH AND
KARNATKA ALSO .

5. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
5

6. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE
• IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY VERY HOT.
• IT CAN VERY EASILY GO UPTO 50* AND EVEN MORE IN SUMMERS.
• THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN DAY AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE IS
VERY HIGH (15 TO 20 DEGREE CELSIES).
HUMIDITY
• DUE TO VERY HOT AND HARSH SUN RAYS.
• HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW.
• IT GENERALLY VARIES BETWEEN 10 TO 50 PERCENTAGE.
PRECIPITATION
• AS THE AIR IS TOTALLY HOT & DRY IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
• PRECIPITATION IS VERY LOW.
• IT MAY VARY BETWEEN 50 TO 150 mm PER YEAR.
6

7. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
7
PRECIPITATION

8. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
SKY CONDETIONS
• SKY IS NORMALLY CLEAR AND BLUE IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
• SOME TIMES DUST STORMS FILL COMPLETE SKY.
• AND THESE DUSTY SKIES CREATE UNBERABLE GLARE.
SOLAR RADIATIONS
• SOLAR RADIATIONS ARE DIRECT AND STRONG DURING DAY
TIMES.
• AND THESE OFTEN ESCAPES INTO OPEN CLEAR SKIES DURING
NIGHTS.
8

9. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
WIND
• HIGH SPEED DUSTY WINDS ARE VERY COMMON FOR THIS TYPE
OF CLIMATE.
• WIND SPEED MAY VARY BETWEEN 20 TO 30 KILOMETER PER
HAUR.
• WIND OFTEN CHANGE DIRECTIONS LOCALLY.
SOIL AND VEGITATION
• SOIL IS VERY LOOSE AND SANDY
• LOW HUMIDITY AND LESS RAIN FALL RESULTS IN POOR
VEGETATION.
• ONLY THICK LEAVES AND THORNY PLANTS CAN EASILY
SURVIVE HERE.
9

10. CHARACTERISTICS
OF HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
SOIL AND VEGITATION
10

11. MAIN AIM
• ARCHITECTS MAIN AIM IS TO AVOID HOT SUN AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.
• TO CAPTURE AS MUCH COOL AIR AS POSSIBLE.
• TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FROM DUST STORMS.
11

12. HOT AND DRY ZONES.
12

13. HOT AND DRY ZONES.
13

14. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF
HOT AND DRY ZONES.
• EXTERNAL LOOK IS ALMOST DEAD TO AVOID SUN,
• EXTERIOR IS LIGHT IN COLOUR AGAIN TO AVOID ABSORPTION OF
HEAT.
• SURFACE AREA EXPOSED TO SUN IS MINIMUM.
• UNITS ARE EMBEDDED DEEP INTO GROUND.
14

15. HOT AND DRY ZONES.
• THICKER MUD WALLS ACT AS GOOD INSULATING MATERIALS.
• SMALLER SIZE OF WINDOWS LIMITS GLARE OF SOLAR
RADIATIONS.
• STREETS ARE NARROW.
• UNITS ARE VERY CLOSELY PLACED.
15

16. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
ORIENTATION
16
1. NORTH –SOUTH ORIENTATION BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE
OF CLIMATE AS IT PROTECTS FROM MORNING AND
EVENING SOLAR RADIATIONS.
2. APART FROM THIS LOCAL SITE CONDETIONS AND ITS
SURROUNDINGS ALSO PLAYS MAJOR ROLE IN DECIDING
ORIENTATION .
3. BEDROOMS SHOULD BE ORIENTED TO RECEIVE COOL
NIGHT AIR.

17. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
HOUSE PLANS
1. COMPACT PLANS ARE PREFFRED AS THESE WILL EXPOSE
MINIMUM SURFACE TO HARSH SOLAR RADIATIONS.
2. DEEPER ROOMS ARE BETTER AGAINST HOT OUTSIDE SOLAR
RADIATIONS.
3. INWARD LOOKING PLANS BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE OF
CLIMATE AS THESE STRAIGHT AWAY PROTECT US FROM
EXTERNAL SOLAR HEAT AND RADIATIONS.
17

18. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
HOUSE PLANS
18
WINDOW
WINDOW
SUN
RAYS
WILL
BE LESS
HARSH
HERE.

19. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
HOUSE PLANS
4. COURTYARD PLANNING ALONG WITH SOME TREES AND SMALL
WATER BODY CREATES VERY GOOD COOL MICROCLIMATE AS
EVAPORATIVE COOLING EFFECTS OCCURES IN THIS TYPE OF
COURTYARD.
5. THICKER EXTERNAL WALLS WITH MINIMUM WINDOWS SHOULD
BE USED TO AVOID HEAT AND SOLAR RADIATIONS.
6. HEAT PRODUCING AREAS SHOULD BE SEPARATED FROM
OTHER AREAS OF HOUSE.
19

20. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
20
COURT
YARD
WITH
SMALL
TREE
THICK
EXTERNAL
WALLS

21. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTSROOFS
1. ROOF SHOULS BE INSULATED FROM HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS.
2. THICKER INSULATING MATERIALS SHOULD BE USED FOR THIS.
3. A LIGHT COLOURED OR TOTALLY WHITE TERRACE SURFACE WILL
REDUCE EFFECT OF HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS.
4. ROOFS SHOULD BE MADE HIGHER SO THAT RADIATIONS FROM
CEILING IS LESS HARSH AND THERE IS ENOUGH SPACE FOR HOT
DICIPATED AIR.
21

22. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
WALLS
1. THE WALLS OF DAY TIME LIVING AREAS SHOULD BE MADE OF
HEAT STORING MATERIALS SO THAT THESE CAN STORE HEAT
IN DAY TIME AND KEEP THE INSIDE COOL AND RADIATE HOT
SOLAR RADIATION BACK IN TO ATMOSPHERE DURING NIGHT.
2. EASTERN AND WESTERN WALLS SHOULD BE SHADED WITH
TREES OR SOME OTHER SCREENS.
3. DOUBLE WALL CONSTRUCTION WITH PROPER VENTILATION
MAY ALSO BE CONSTRUCTED ON WESTERN SIDE.
22

23. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
23

24. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
OPENINGS
1. EXTERNAL OPENINGS SHOULD BE SMALL.
2. EASTERN AND WESTERN SIDE WINDOWS SHOULD BE
PROTECTED BY TREES.
3. LARGE GLASS AREAS SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
4. DEEP SUN SHADES ARE REQUIRED TO SHADE WINDOWS
EFFICTEVELY.
5. IT WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE,IF WE SOME HOW ,SEPARATE
OUR SUN SHADES FROM MAIN STRUCTURE .
6. WINDOW SILLSHOULD BE HIGHER TO PROVIDE DUST
PROTECTION
24

25. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
INTERIORS
1. LIGHT COOL COLOURS SHOULD BE USED FOR INTERIORS .
2. SURFACES THAT MAY REFLECT RADIATIONS SHOULD BE
PAINTED DARK TO REDUCE GLARING EFFECT.
EXTERIORS
1. DARK SURFACES SHOULD BE AVOIDED AS THESE WOULD
ABSORB HEAT.
2. LIGHT COLOURED /SHINEY REFLECTIVE SURFACES SHOULD BE
USED TO REFLECT SOLAR HEAT.
3. PROVIDE AS MUCH GREEN SURFACE AS POSSIBLE AS THIS
WILL COOL THE SURROUNDINGS.
4. AVOID HARD PAVED SURFACES AS THESE MAY CREATE GLARE
AND RADIATE HEAT INSIDE THE BUILDING.
25

26. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
EXTERIORS
26
HARD PAVED SURFACE

27. DESIGN / PLANNING
CONCEPTS
27
A WELL PROTECTED BMBEDDED IN GROUND
BUILDING FIGHTS BETTER THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.

28. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
28
HOLLOW BLOCK CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE ALSO
HELP IN THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS.
CONCRETE
HOLLOW
BLOCK

29. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
ZONES
29
DOUBLE ROOF TECHNIQUE PROTECT MAIN
STRUCTURE FROM SOLAR HEAT.

30. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
30
ANOTHER SLIDE SHOWING DOUBLE ROOF TECHNIQUE
TO PROTECT MAIN STRUCTURE FROM SOLAR HEAT.

31. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
31
HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS CAN BE CONVERTED IN
USEFULL ELECTRICITY BY USING PHOTOVOLTIC CELLS.
SOLAR
PANELS

32. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY
32
SUN PROTECTION DEVICES(PERGOLAS) ARE USED TO
PROTECT FRONT FACADES OF HOT DRY REGION.

33. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED
FOR HOT DRY ZONES
USE OF ORIAL WINDOWS AND DIFFERENT TYPE OF
LOUVERED SUN SHADES ALSO REDUCE SUN’S
HARSHNESS. 33

34. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
34
THICH THERMAL INSULATING MATERIAL IS USED TO
PROTECT BUILDING FROM TOP SUN.

35. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
35
USE OF DEEPER ENTRANCE DOOR AND BROAD EAVES

36. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
36
EAVES TO PROTECT FROM GLARE OF SUN .

37. SOME CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS
USED FOR HOT DRY ZONES
37
SLIDE SHOWING INTAKE OF AIR ,IN VERTICAL
SECTION AND EXHAUSTS AT ROOF LEVEL

38. 38
FINALLY A COMPLETE GOOD AND EFFECTIVE
BUILDING OF A HOT & DRY REGION

39. 39
THANK YOU
BY:- ANAND JIBHAKATE