Make easy ur situation........... .

1. Project Name: Distance Measuring Project using Arduino and Sonar Sensor.
Objective:01. To create an electronic measuring device using Arduino and Sonar
Sensor.
02. To determine the distance of any object with Sonar sensor for
indoor use.
03. To get an accurate measurement of distance.
04. To inform user about the total distance by displaying on Liquid
Crystal Display(LCD).
Components: 01. Arduino UNO.
02. Sonar Sensor.
03. 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display(LCD).
04. PCB Board.
05. 1K Resistor.
06. Male Connector Single Row.
07. Female Connector Single Row.
08. Connecting Wires.
09. Male To Male Jumper Wires.
10. Male To Female Jumper Wires.
11. 9 volt Battery/Adepter.

2. Components Description and Working Procedure:
Sonar Sensor Module:Sonar sensor(HC-SR04) is used here to determine
distance to an object like a wall or any kind of object surface. It measure distance in
range of 2cm-400cm 1” to 13 feet . It operation is not affected by sunlight or black
material like Sharp rangefinders are (although acoustically soft materials like cloth
can be difficult to detect) The sensor module consists of ultrasonic transmitter,
receiver and the control circuit. The working principle of ultrasonic sensor is as
follows:
01. High level signal is sent for 10us using Trigger in 30 degree Measuring Angle.
02. The module sends eight 40 KHz signals automatically, and then detects whether
pulse is received or not.
03. If the signal is received, then it is through high level. The time of high duration is
the
time gap between sending and receiving the signal.
LCD:16x2 Liquid Crystal Display is used for displaying the measuring distance.
Procedure I prefer to build my own Arduino based circuit and make my
constraction smaller.
In circuit connections Sonar sensor module’s “trigger” and “echo” pins are directly
connected to pin A4 and A5 of arduino. A 16x2 LCD is connected with arduino in 4-
bit mode. Control pin RS, RW and E are directly connected to arduino pin
respectively 2, GND and 3. And data pin D4-D7 is connected to 4, 5, 6 and 7 of
arduino.
First of all we need to trigger the ultrasonic sensor module to transmit signal by
using arduino and then wait for receive ECHO. Arduino reads the time between
triggering and Received ECHO. We know that speed of sound is around 340m/s. so
we can calculate distance by using given formula:
Distance= (travel time/2) * speed of sound.

3. Project and Full Report Complited by:
Name: Ananda Mohan Shil.
University of Science and Technology Chittagong.
Bachelor of Science (BSc)
Field Of Study: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Facebook contact link: https://web.facebook.com/Ananda.Mohan.shil

4. Program:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define trigger 18
#define echo 19
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);
float time=0,distance=0;

5. void setup()
{ Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo,INPUT);
lcd.print(" Ultra sonic");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Distance Meter");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Ananda");
delay(2000);
}
void loop()
{
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

6. time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);
distance=time*340/20000;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Distance:");
lcd.print(distance);
Serial.print(" distance");
Serial.print(distance);
lcd.print("cm");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Distance:");
lcd.print(distance/100);
Serial.print(" Centimeter");
Serial.print(distance/100);
lcd.print("m");
delay(1000);
}
Discussion: I have faced some common problem. I make some mistakes in
programming time.I didn’t get the perfect value of measuring distance in LCD
because of LCD connection,sensor connection,sound speed variation, surface layer
of the object and the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the
echo to determine the distance tothe object.I got the measuring distance 5.25cm,
11.36cm, 22.47cm,25.52cm respectively for 5cm,10cm,20cm,25cm etc.