ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THEORY on Ar. Raj rewal

1. RAJ REWAL
RISHABH DEV
SANDEEP
ANKITA YADAV
SUCHAR

2. INTRODUCTION
BORN : 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH : HOSHIYARPUR , PUNJAB ,INDIA
NATIONALITY : INDIAN
EDUCATION :
1. SCHOOLING :- HARCOURT BUTLER SECONDARY SCHOOL, SHIMLA (1939-
1951)
2. GRADUATION :- DELHI SCHOL OF ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI (1951-1954)
3. 1955 -1961 - ATTENDED THE ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION OF
ARCHITECTURE FOR 1 YEAR
4. COMPLETED HIS FORMAL PROFFESIONAL TRAINING AT BRIXTON SCHOOL OF
BUILDING, LONDON

3. FAMILY :- MARRIED TO HELENE IN1962 IN LONDON & RETURNED
TO INDIA TO SET UP HIS OWN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE.
WORKING LIFE
 HE WORKED AS AN ARCHIECTURAL ASST. IN VARIOUS PRACTICES IN LONDON &
THEATRE SCENERY DESIGNER IN THE EVENINGS.
 HE BECAME ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS (RIBA)
 1961-1962 : WORKED IN THE OFFICES OF MICHEL ECOCHARD, ARCHITECT,PARIS
 1962 : RETURNED TO NEW DELHI TO SET UP HIS OWN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE.
 1963-1972 : TAUGHT AT DELHI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE.
 1974 : OPENED A SECOND OFFICE IN TEHRAN,IRAN
 1985 : FOUNDED THE ARCHITECTURAL RESEACH CELL WITH RAM SHARMA
 1986 : CRATOR OF EXHIBITION “TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA”
FOR THE FESTIVAL OF INDIA IN PARIS
FAMOUS BUILDINGS
• PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
• NEHRU PAVALLION
• ASIAN GAMES VILLAGE
• SHEIKH SARAI HOUSING COMPLEX
• STATE TRADING CORPORATION
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMUNOLOGY

4. II
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THE “ROLE MODELS” FORRAJRWAL ARE :-
1. LE CORBUSIER
2. CHARLES CHORREA
3. LOUIS I. KAHN
INFLUENTIAL PLACE:
1. RAJASTHAN
2. OLD TOWNS
3. TADITINAL HAVELI HOUSE
4. ANCIENT BUILDINGS
5. MODERN BUILDINGS AS WELL
6. WESTERN THEORIES OF URBAN PLANNING &
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

5. PHILOSOPHY
• ARCHITECTURAL THEORY - BUILDINGS SHOULD RESPOND TO
COMPLEX DEMANDS OF RAPID URBANISATION, CLIMATE & CULTURE.
• CONCEPT - BASE OF DESIGNING HOUSING IS TRADITIONAL
ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA AND A DUAL CONCERN FOR A BUILDING’S
EXPRESSIVENESS BY MEANS OF INCORPORATING HISTORICAL
PRECEDENTS INTO URBAN DESIGN.
WINDOW OPENINGS CONSTITUTE A
MODERN INTERPRETATION OF CARVED
JALIS IN ANCIENT BUILDINGS
MORPHOLOGY OF OLD TOWNS INTO A
CONTEMPORARY EQUIVALENT. (SHEIKH SARAI
MASS HOUSING COMPLEX)

6. FEATURES
• CLUSTERING OF BUILDINGS
(ASIAN GAMES VILLAGE)
• COURTYARDS PROVIDING PUBLIC
SPACE WITHIN THE BUILDING. (ASIAN
GAMES VILLAGE)
• SCATTER OF TERRACES
PERMITTING YET ANOTHER SET OF
ACTIVITIES( SHEIKH SARAI HOUSING)

7. FEATURES
• STREETS : NARROW, SHADED ,
BROKEN UP INTO SMALL UNITS
CREATING PAUSES, POINTS OF REST
& CHANGING (SHEIKH SARAI)
•GATEWAYS : ALLOW FOR A CHANGE &
CONTAIN A CONTUNITY, BRIDGES FORMED
BY LINKING 2 NEIGHBOURING HOUSES (ASIAN
GAMES VILLAGE)

8. MATERIALS
• SANSTONE - GIVES TRADITIONAL YET MODERN LOOK ( USED IN
PUBLIC BUILDINGS )
• CONCRETE- HOUSING • BRICK CLADDING- RESIDENCE

10. INFLUENCES
 Raj Rewal tried to evolve mass housing schemes
based on similar criteria.
 In the Asian games village and Sheikh Sarai
housing project , the peripheral roads are
connected to parking squares.
 The central spine of the layout is reserved for
narrow ,shaded, pedestrian pathways .
 The layout plans follow traditional methods of
creating shade and cross ventilation.
 The creation of the traditional narrow street,
linking all the housing units, provides for intimate encounters between people
and a sense of belonging to the neighbourhood square.

11. ASIAN GAME VILLAGE

12. CLUSTURS

13. COURTYARDS

14. ROOF TERRACES

15. GATEWAYS

16. MAJOR ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
STATE TRADING CORPORATION ASIAN GAMES VILLAGE
PARLIAMENT LIBRARY NEHRU MEMORIAL PAVALLION

17. STATE TRADING
CORPORATION
• LOCATION
• DATE
• BUILDING TYPE
• CONSTRUCTION SYSEM
• CONTEXT
• MATERIAL
NEW DELHI
1976
OFFICE BUILDING
VERTICAL STRUCTURAL CORES
SUPPORT GIRDERS BETWEEN
ALTERNATE FLOORS
URBAN
BEIGE &RED SANSTONE PANELS

18. PLANNING ASPECTS
OCTAGONAL OPENINGS ARE DEEP
&PROVIDE SHADE
PLAN – STRUCTURE OF GIRDERS BETWEEN
STRUCTURAL CORES ,SUPPORTING FLOORSLABS
INTERRELATEDAREAS FOR
OFFICES & COMMERCE

19. SPECIAL FEATURES
•THE PERPENDICULARHIGHRISE BLOCKS RISE TODIFFERENT
HEIGHTS THE TALLEST FORMING THE JUNCTION OF THE LOWER
TWO.
•A LOW, 3-STOREY VOLUME PARTIALLY FILLS THE SPACE
CREATEDBY THE L –SHAPEDPLAN OF ADJOINING TOWERS.
•THE OFFICE FLOORS HAVE A 15 MSPAN ,FREE OF INTERNAL
COLUMNS
•REPEATITION OF OCTAGONAL OPENINGS IN THE BRIDGE LIKE
GIRDERS BETWEEN THE VERTICAL CORES RESEMBLES
TRADITIONAL JALI

20. SPECIAL FEATURES
•SKYLIGHTS ALLOWFOR
NATURAL LIGHTING FOR
THE DISPLAY AREAS
•ATRIUMOF COTTAGE
INDUSTRY EMPORIUM–
JALIS IN CONCRETE
THESE FEATURES TOGETHERWITHSTONE CLADDING,
CONTRIBUTE TOTHE BUILDING’S UNIQUE EXPRESSIVE
FORCE AS A SKY SCRAPPER

21. NEHRU MEMORIAL
PAVALLION
• LOCATION
• DATE
• BUILDING TYPE
• CONSTRUCTION SYSEM
• CONTEXT
• STYLE
NEW DELHI
1971
EXHIBITION GALLERY
STRUCTURE HAS BEEN EMBEDDED IN AN
ARTIFICIAL EARTH MOUND
URBAN
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

22. ABOUT THE PAVALLION
• PURPOSE : IT IS DESIGNEDTO HOUSE EXHIBITS ON THE LIFE OF
PRIME MINISTERJAWAHARLAL NEHRU.
• CONCEPT: THE BASIC IDEA OF DESIGN COMES FROMEARIEST
BUDDHIST STUPAS IN NEPAL(EARTHMOUNDCONTAINING
RELICS OF BUDDHA
• PLANNING REFLECT A TANTRIC PERCEPTION OF SPACE
• ROOF LEVEL- FORCIRCULATION
- 4 CORNERWINDOWSALLOWVENTILATION FOR
LOWERSPACES

23. • The pavilion is designed to house exhibits on the
life and times of formerprime ministerJawaharlal
Nehru, portions of which were assembled by the
celebrated American designerCharles Fames.
• The building is embedded in a grassy mound of
earth.
• The basic idea of the design comes fromthe
earliest Buddhist stupas in Nepal which are earth
mound containing relics of Buddha.
• Plans of the building revel affinities with the
yantras and hence reflect a Tantric perception of
space.
• The upperlevel forexample is forcirculation and
based on the traditional parkarma, or
circumblation around a central shrine, often a
circleroran octagon which evokes a particular
Mood.

24. FEATURES
•KOTA STOME FOR FLOORING
•TEAK FOR DOORS &WINDOWS
•A NO. OF PROTECTED SPACES HAVE BEEN
CREATED FOR GATHERINGS
•EXPOSED CONCRETE BOTH INSIDE
&OUTSIDE
•THE GRASSY SLOPESARE SUITABLE
RECREATION AREAS FOR CHILDREN

25. PLANNING ASPECTS
UPPERLEVEL
-AUDIO VISUAL ROOM
-A STEPPED ROOF IN
THE CENTRE FOR
EXHIBITION
LOWERLEVEL
-DISPLAYS AROUND 4
SECTIONS
-DOUBLE HT.
ENCLOSURES ON 4
CORNERS

26. SECTIONS
•ONE OF THE 4 CORNER AREAS OF LOWER LEVEL –
•DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACE
•NATURAL LIGHT ENTERS BY CORNER WINDOWS FROM
EXTERIOR COURTYARD
1.Entrance
2. Audio visual
3.Exhibition space
4.Covered walkway
5.Paved walkway
6.walkway

27. ASIAN GAMES
VILLAGE
• LOCATION
• DATE
• BUILDING TYPE
• CONSTRUCTION SYSEM
• CONTEXT
• STYLE
NEW DELHI
1980
HOUSING
STRUCTURE HAS BEEN EMBEDDED IN AN
ARTIFICIAL EARTH MOUND
URBAN
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

28. ABOUT THE ASIAN GAMES VILLAGE
SITE PLAN
•PURPOSE – HOUSING WAS BUILT BY PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO
ACCOMMODATE THE TEMPORARY INFLUX GUEST &LATER ON
WOULD BE SOLD OFF TO PRIVATE INDIVISUAL
•CONCEPT –BASED ON SEQUENCE OF OPEN SPACES LINKED
BY NARROW, SHADED PEDETRAIN STREETS & CONTAINING
BOTH RECREATIONAL &COMMERCIAL PEDESTRAIN
PATHWAYS

29. PLANNING ASPECTS
•UNIT TYPES FROM INDIVISUAL
HOUSES (A, B, C) TO
APPARTMENTS(E,F,G)
•THERE ARE 510 HOUSING UNITS- 200
INDIVISUAL & 300 APPARTMENTS IN
2-STOREY TO4-STOREY ‘WALK–UPS’
•DENSITY OF 50 UNITS PERHECTARE
FLOOR PLAN OF TYPE C HOUSING
APPART .UNITS TO CREATE
CLUSTER

30. TYPE OF
APPARTMENTS
(FLOOR PLANS)
•INT .VIEW SHOWING SPLIT LEVEL
ARRANGEMENT OF SPACES

31. FEATURES
TERRACES ON THE UPPER LEVEL
ARE JOINED OVERHEAD TO CREAT
GATEWAY –LIKE ENTRANCES
THROUGH WALKWAYS
•THE HOUSING UNITS BENEFIT
FROM LARGE LANDSCAPE AREAS
AS WELL AS FROM SMALL
COURTS
•WALLSPARAPETS-NARROW SLITS
(JALIS FOR BOTH
PRIVACY&VENTELATION
•MATERIAL USED- REINFORCED CONCRETE POSTS
&BEAMS ,COVERED WITH ROUGH CAST &PLASTER
•HIS NOW SERVES THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A
RECREATIONAL &COMMERCIAL CENTRE

32. PARLIAMENT
LIBRARY
• LOCATION
• DATE
• BUILDING TYPE
• CONSTRUCTION SYSEM
• CONTEXT
• STYLE
NEW DELHI
1989
LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BUBBLE DOMES OVER LOW
WEIGHT SANDSTONE CURVATURES
PEGGED WITH GLASS ELEMENTS
PROVIDE NATURAL LIGHT
URBAN
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

33. ABOUT THE LIBRARY
• PURPOSE :SYMBOLICALLY A HOUSE OF KNOWLEDGE ,THE
PARLIAMENT LIBRARY HAS ITS SITE NEXT TO YHE PARLIAMENT
HOUSE
• ALONG THE 3-AXIS OF CENTRAL CORE OF PARLIAMENT
HOUSE, ONE IS TAKEN AS A CONTINUATION OF THE LAYOUT
OF LIBRARY
CONCEPT
• THE MAIN ASSEMBLY OF THE PARLIAMENT &THE FOCAL
CENTRE OF THE NEW LIBRARY LIE ON THE SAME AXIS
• THE IDEA IS TAKEN FROM ADINATH TEMPLE IN 16TH
CENTURY.
• SYMMETRICAL & BALANCED COMPOSITION
• SEPARATE BLOCKS ARE PROPOSED FOR DIFFERENT

34. PLANNING ASPECT
• THE BIGGEST GEOMETRICAL PROBLEM:CIRCULAR SHAPE
OF PARLIAMENT,TOUGH TO RELATE TO THE LIB.
COMPLEX,WITHIN ITS TRIANGULAR SHAPE SITE
• COURTYARDS FORM THE IMP. FEATURE OF DESIGN
,KEEPING IN MIND DELHI’S EXTREME CLIMATE
• IT IS DEMARCATED INTO 3 ZONES FOR EASY ACCESSIBILITY
&UTILITY FOR V.I.P&GENERAL PUBLIC
• HT OF THE BUILDING RESTRICTED TO PODIUM LEVEL OF
PARLIAMENT HOUSE

35. CIRCULATION ROUTE OF LIBRARY
LEGENDS
1. VIP ENTRANCE
2. SCHOLARS
ENTRANCE
3. PUBLIC ENTRANCE
4. MPS ENTRANCE
5. BPST BLOCK
6. SCHOLARS LIBRARY
7. MPS READING ROOM
8. RESEACH
&ARCHIEVES
9. ATRIUM
10. FOCAL CENTRE
11. AUDITORIUM
12. COMMITTEE ROOM
13. PRESS CENTRE
14. DIGITAL LIBRARY
15. PUBLIC RECEPTION
2
3

36. FEATURES
•A VARIETY OF DOMES CONSTRUCTED OF LIGHT
WEIGHT FIBRE SHEET,STRUCTURAL GLASS&GLASS
BRICKS ADMIT FILTERED LIGHT TO THE SPACES
BELOW.
•BALANCE BETWEEN LIGHT WT.
ELEGANCE OF HIGH TECH DOMES
&THE RED WHITE SANDSTONE USED
ON WALLS &FLOORS
THE FOCAL CENTRE- SPECTACULAR .INVOLVES
A COMPOSITE ARRANGEMENT OF 4 PETALS
USING SUN REFLECTING GLASS ,STAINLESS
STEEL TIED TOGETHER WITH DELICATE
TENSION RODS.

37. FEATURES
•4 STOREY HIGH ATRIUM GETS LIGHT EVEN
INTO THE BASEMENT THAT STORE NEARLY 3
MILLION BOOKS IN COMPACT SYSTEM
CEILING &CANTILEVER STAIRS –
EXPOSED CONCRETE,SOFTEN BY
TEXTURED LEFT BY WOODEN FORM
WORK
`
FLOOR- KOTA STONE IN
BROWN&BRONZE CARRIED THROUGH A
TEAK FRAMED DOOR

38. FEATURES
•LANDSCAPE - GRASS EMBAKEMENTS
HAVE BEEN PROVIDED ABOVE
COMPLEMENTING THE DENCE
SPACE OF ADJOINING PARLIAMENT
HOUSE.
•COURTYARDS ARE
PROVIDEDOR DIRECT LIGHT
&VENTILATION
•MATERIAL –
SANDSTONE,CONCRETE,JALIS

39. PLAN
SECTION

40. HALL OF NATIONS , PRAGATI MAIDAN , NEW
DELHI• A limited competition was held in 1970 forthe
design of permanent exhibition spaces forthe
International Trade Fair2 years later, & Raj
Rewal s proposal was selected.‟
• The main pavilion of the hall of nations has a
clearspan of 78 mand a height vary from3 mto
21m, thereby providing a vast capacity foritems
to be exhibited frombooks to bulldozers.
• The hall of industries on the otherhand is a
combination of 4 smallerpavilions by ramps
enclosing a central area foropen airexhibits,
utilities, toilets, and otherservices are located
underthe ramps.
• Although each of the halls was initially conceived
as a full pyramid the truncated formwas adopted
in orderto avoid unnecessary constructions.
• The depth of the structure systemwas utilized as
sun breakerand looked like a traditional jali. This
helps in obstructing the harsh sunrays while
permitting aircirculation at the same time.

41. VIEW OF HALL OF NATIONS

42. INTERIOR

43. • The steel forthis space frame construction was
expensive in India.
• As the result, it was built in the lattermaterial.
• Octahedral measuring 5mfromjoint to joint were
employed as the basic 3Dunit of the space frame ,
which rests on 8 points around the essentially
square planned and allows 11mwide openings
between the supports.
• An effective systemof environmental control
inside the building was anotheroutcome of the 3D
structure , as solid triangularpanels at regular
intervals provided sun screens – a modern
equivalent , according to some authors of the
traditional jali in Indian architecture .

44. • LOCATION
• DATE
• BUILDING TYPE
• CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
• MATERIAL
ROHTAK, HARYANA
2013
INSTITUTIONAL
BRICK AND RCC CONSTRUCTION
WITH EXTENCIVE USE OF RED & WHITE
SAND STONE CLADING ON BOTH IN
EXTERIOR AND IN INTERIOR
MOSTLY RED & WHITE SAND STONE
SUVPA
CAMPUS

45. • SUVPA IS AN INTEGRATED
CAMPUS OF FOUR
DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS
•CAMPUS IS DIVIDED
INTO 6 DIFF. BLOCKS
1. DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE
2. DEPT. OF FINE ARTS
3. DEPT. OF FILM & TV
4. DEPT. OF FASHION DESIGN
5.ADMINISTRATION BLOCK
6.AUDITORIUM
• ALL THE BLOCKS ARE
ORRIENTED IN SAME
DIRECTION ACCORDING TO THE
SUNPATH

46. •FOUR DEPT. BUILDINGS HAVE A
CENTRAL COURTYARD
INFLUENCED FROM THE
RAJASTHANI ARCHITECTURE
•EXTENCIVE USE OF RED
SANDSTONE GIVE THE
BUILDING A FEEL OF
RAJASTHANI ARCHUTECTURE
•CIRCULAR COLLUMNS ARE
USED INSTEAD OF SQUARE
COLLUMNS THAT ARE
HIGHLIGHTED WITH DIFF.
MATERIAL AND ADD TO THE
ASTHETICS VALUE OF THE
CAMPUS
•INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR OF
STUDIOS & CLASS ROOMS ARE
GIVEN VERY MUCH ATTENTION
BY USING COFFERED CEILING
AND SOUND ABSORBING
TREATEMENTS ON THE WALLS

47. • USE OF CLOISTERS
IN SINGLY LOADED
CORRIDORS INSPIRED
FROM RAJASTHANI
ARCHITECTURE
• THE DESIGN OF THE
AUDITORIUM IS BASED ON
THE CONCEPT OF SUN DIAL.
• THE AUDITORIUM
BUILDING IS DIVIDED INTO
TWO PARTS.
•THE LOWER PART IS THE
AUDITORIUM WHERE AS
THE UPPER PART IS A
LIBRARY.

48. • THE AMPHITEATRE IS
LOCATED NEAR THE FINE
ARTS DEPARTMENT.
• FIBRE GLASS ROOFING IS
DONE IN THE APHITHEATURE
• THE ROOFING
IS DONE LIKE THE
PARLIAMENT LIBRARY.

49. • SAND STONE IS INNOVATIVELY
USED FOR MAKING SIGN BOARDS
IN THE CAMPUS.
• THE AUDITORIUM ,
CAFETERIA , AMINISTRATION
BUILDING AND THE
AMPHITHEATURE BUILDING
ARE CLADDED WITH WHITE
SAND STONE.
• WHEREAS THE ACADEMIC
BLOCKS ARE CLADDED WITH
RED SANDSTONE.

50. THANK YOU