conventional x-ray only,5 types of views with advantages and disadvantages of x-rays

1. RADIOLOGY OF NOSE AND
PARANASAL SINUSES
ANDREA R SALINS

2. Paranasal sinuses
 Water’s view
 Caldwell view
 Lateral view
 Submentovertical view
 Right and left vertical view

3. Water’s view
 Also called as occipitomental view or
nose-chin position
 In 1914,Dr C.A.Waters and
C.W.Waldron,two British radiologists
introduced this view
 Nose and chin touch the film and X-
ray beam is projected from occipital
side
 Open mouth view shows sphenoid
sinus

5. Structures seen
 Maxillary sinuses(seen best)
 Frontal sinuses
 Sphenoid sinus
 Zygoma
 Zygomatic arch
 Nasal bone
 Frontal process of maxilla
 Superior orbital fissure
 Intratemporal fossa

7. Caldwell view
 Also called occipitofrontal view or
nose-forehead position
 Eugene W Caldwell,in 1903 described
this view
 Nose and forehead touch the film and
x-ray beam is projected 15-20º
caudally

9. Structures seen
 Frontal sinuses(best)
 Ethmoid sinuses,maxillary sinuses
 Frontal process of of zygoma and
zygomatic process of frontal bone
 Superior margin of orbit and lamina
papyracea
 Superior orbital fissure
 Foramen rotundum

11. Lateral view
 Lateral side of skull lies against the
film and x-ray beam is projected
perpendicular from the other side
 Fluid levels of all sinuses can be seen

13. Structures seen
 Anterior and posterior extent of
sphenoid,frontal and maxillary sinuses
 Sella tursica
 Ethmoid sinuses
 Alveolar process
 Condyle and neck of mandible

15. Submento vertical (basal) view
 This view is taken with vertex near the
film and x-ray beam projected at right
angles to the film from the submental
area

16. Structures seen
 Sphenoid,posterior ethmoid and
maxillary sinuses(seen best in that
order)
 Zygoma and zygomatic arch
 Mandible

18. Right and left oblique view

21. X-rays for nasal fractures
 Lateral view of nasal bones
 Occlusal view of nasal bone
 Water’s view

24. Water’s view
 Fractures of right and left nasal bones
and their lateral displacement can be
seen

26.  Water’s view

28. Advantages of X-ray imaging
 Cost effectiveness
 Easy availability

29. Disadvantages
 Plain X-ray have false positivity of 4%
 False negativity-more than 30%
 Currently available digital imaging
techniques provide better bone and
soft tissue resolution when compared
to conventional X-ray

30. THANK YOU