(H2020 Project) Public and final presentation of the development, main results, conclusions and lessons learnt at the "paperChain Final Event (2021_06_18)" from this Circular Case entitled: CC5: GREEN LIQUOR DREGS AS A COMPONENT IN MINE COVERS TO PREVENT ACID MINE DRAINAGE. In this link, you can watch the video of his intervention. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y38KauptrQ&list=PLgvOAWR0DunfSLNGgSzep88viJelfZeB2&index=1&ab_channel=GREENIZE xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Under the claim “New niche markets for the Pulp & Paper Industry Waste based on Circular Economy Approach” a comprehensive and highly interesting eco-innovation action project has been carried out. PaperChain project brings in an industrial symbiosis model centered in the use of different waste streams generated by the European Pulp and Paper Industry, as valuable feedstock for three resource hungry industrial sectors: construction sector, mining sector and the chemical industry. The consortium is composed by 20 partners from 5 countries (Portugal, Spain, Slovenia, France and Sweden) and it is structured in five large-scale demonstrators (Circular Cases) in different operational environments: Construction in Portugal (asphalt mixtures and concrete in roads), Spain (stabilised-soil layers in roads) and Slovenia (composite materials for slide stabilization in railways); Chemical in Sweden (bio-ethanol for secondary chemicals); and Mining in Sweden (sealing layers for reactive spoil). The partners along with the supporting parties cover the whole value chain of each local demonstration activity, which includes academia, public authorities, waste generators and end-users. Through this event, the paperChain team wants to disseminate the main results and conclusions of the Circular Cases we have developed. The paperChain project has been carried out between 2017 and 2021. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305. For contact and more information: www.paperChain.eu

1. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
CC5: GREEN LIQUOR DREGS AS A COMPONENT IN MINE COVERS
TO PREVENT ACID MINE DRAINAGE.

2. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
2

3. Key views of the Pulp and paper industry
• A clear interest to work towards new applications of their residues
• Co-operative and positive
• GLDs are one of the most mentioned streams to focus on
• Long term sustainable solutions are wanted
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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4. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
CC5: GREEN LIQUOR DREGS AS A COMPONENT IN MINE COVERS
TO PREVENT ACID MINE DRAINAGE.

5. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
5

6. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
6

7. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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8. Objective CC5
Demonstrate and optimize the use
of GLD as sealing layers for mine
waste
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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9. Problem description
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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• Sulphide ore extraction
• Large quantities of waste
• Sulphide oxidation
• Acid mine drainage (AMD)
• Environmental problem

10. Engineered covers
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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Soil creates a physical
barrier
Key functions in the
sealing layer
• Oxygen barrier
• Water barrier
• High water retention
Oxygen barrier
Water retaining
Water barrier
Vegetation layer
Protective layer
Sealing layer
Mine Waste

11. Materials
Glacial till
• Unsorted soil
• Adjacent to mine
• “Good enough?”
Green Liquor dreg (GLD)
• Fine grained
• High WRC
• Low HC
• Paste like consistency
• Low shear strength
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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12. Selection of GLD
• Distance to demonstration site in Garpenberg
• Generation of less than 10 000 ton GLD/year
• Total solid content (water)
3 GLD selected for comprehensive laboratory study
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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13. Selection of GLD
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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mill GLD
%
HC
(m/s)
Dry
density
(g/cm3)
1
11 2*10-8 1.82
13 1*10-8 1.86
5 2*10-7 1.9
7.5 4*10-8 2.06
6 12 2*10-9 1.89
13 2*20-9 1.8
13
17 1*10-8 1.96
20 7*10-9 1.57
7.5 2*10-7 1.88

14. GLD improved WRC of till
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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Glacial till
Mix (7.5%GLD)
Curves are modelled after van Genuchten best fit

15. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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16. Monitoring
• Temperature, VWC and matric
suction is measured at different
levels
• Detailed water balance
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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17. Project road bumps
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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• Pandemic caused some delay in construction
• Mixing equipment broke down
• Rain à top few cm too wet to compact

18. Results
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
18
1,00E-11
1,00E-10
1,00E-09
1,00E-08
9/26/2020 11/15/2020 1/4/2021 2/23/2021 4/14/2021 6/3/2021
k
(m/s)
Frozen pipes
(no water flow)

19. Industrial scale application
Key factors for constructing sealing layer
• Quality control of incoming materials (GLD and till)
• Mixing quality
• Compaction degree that can be achieved in slopes and
flat areas
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
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20. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
SUSTAINABILITY AND CIRCULARITY:
TWO COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES

21. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement N° 730305
THE ROAD TO CERTIFICATION