This document discusses several key environmental issues including poverty and the environment, deforestation, water crisis, environmental refugees, global warming, and bioterrorism. It notes that environmental degradation and resource depletion are restricting human development. Deforestation is caused by land clearance for agriculture, overgrazing, uncontrolled logging, and other factors. The water crisis stems from increasing uses for drinking, sanitation, industry, and irrigation compounded by climate change. Environmental refugees, who are the largest class of displaced persons, flee issues like landlessness, deforestation, and drought. Global warming is exacerbated by the greenhouse effect and leads to problems like rising sea levels and disrupted ecosystems. Bioterrorism involves the covert use of disease

1. Environmental issues
Presented By- Anupama kate

2. Content
• Introduction
• Poverty and The Environment
• Deforestation
• Future : water crisis
• Environmental refugees
• Global warming
• Greenhouse effect
• Acid rain
• Bioterrorism
• Common global challenges
• References

3. Introduction
• United nations conference on environment & development
• 8th 5 year plan
• Quantitative & qualitative industrial success

4. Causes to restrict human development
• Environmental degradation
• Resource deplection
• Population growth
• Inequitable distribution of income
[3]

5. Environmental issues…..

6. Poverty
• “ poverty is an integral part of the goal of an
environmental strategy for the world. ”[2]
• Global citizenship and ‘spaceship earth’
Inter- linked responsibilities of
environmental protection & human
development.
• Word’s almost one-fifth population is below
the poverty line.

7. Poverty and The Environment

9. Deforestation
• Causes and effects
• Land clearance for agriculture
• Over-grazing
• Uncontrolled &waste full logging
• Illegal falling
• Excessive fuel wood collection

10. Land degradation & deforestation
• Shifting cultivation
• Brazing in forest land
• Forest fire
• Industrial activities
• Mining activities
• Disposal of solid & toxic wastes onto land

11. Water crisis

12. Crisis bring from uses
• Drinking
• Sanitation
• Industrilization
• Energy development
• Irrigation
• Climate change
• CONFITS & DISPUTS

13. Environmental refugees
• “Environmental refugees have
bocome the single largest class of
displaced persons in the world ”-
homer-dixon (1991)
• “ These people are the millons fleeing
the drought of northern africa. The
victims of bhopal and the thousands
made homeless by maxico
earthquake. They are environmental
refugees”- Executive director of UNEP
, Mustafa Tolba(1985)

14. Steps to refugees
• Population growth ;
• Economic restructuring ;
• Increasing economic disparities ;
• Increasing refugee flow .

15. Causes to refugees
• Massive scale of human migration :
• Landlessness
• Deforestation
• Desertifiction
• soil erosion
• Stalinization & water logging of irrigated
lands
• Water scarcity and drought
• Agricultural stress
• Depletion of biodiversity
• Govermental shortcomings
• War
• Toxic chemical
• Radiation & other pollution problems

16. Global warming

17. Greenhouse Effect

18. Effect of global warming
• Violent future
• Arctic warming
• Heat waves
• Acidification of oceans
• Changes in mosquitoes “genetic switch”
• Lengthen the day
• See level rising
• Climate change & disrupted eco-system

19. Acid Rain

20. Bioterrorism

21. What is bioterrorism ?
• Overt or covert dispensing of disease pathogens by
individuals , groups, or governments for the expressed
purpose of causing harm for either ideological ,
political ,or financial gain ..
• Biological Wespons ……….

22. Traditional biological warfare agents
• Bacillus anthracis ascaris suum
• Brucella suis
• Smallpox
• HIV
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers (typhus)
• Nicotine
• Anti-crop agents
• Wheat stem rust
• Yellow fever virus

23. References
1. Abhijit dutta , P.N. pandey ,sunita dutta 2005. Environment issues
and challenges , A.P.H. Publishing carporation ,new delhi
2. Gandhi indira(1972) one green living world. Smithsonian inst.
Can.uni.press(1984)p.238-239
3. http://www.unep.org

24. Thank you