The topic deals with the development of a prosthetic limb made of the acrylic sheet using electromyography signals for the people who lost a part of their limb due to circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes, traumatic injuries occurring due to traffic accidents and military combat, cancer or birth effects. Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. An electromyography (EMG) detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. Measured EMG potentials range between 2 millivolts to 4 millivolts depending on the muscle under observation. The two surface electrodes are attached to the healthy limb and sense the muscle contraction when a movement is made. This output is given to the arduino microcontroller, this controller is programmed that, it acquires the angle and transformation link obtained due to the locomotion of normal limb. The output signals are given to the servo motor through servo driver and then to the prosthetic limb. The methodology adapted here provides locomotive action for the prosthetic limb. The major advantage of the proposed system is that usage of acrylic sheets reduces the weight of the prosthetic limb to a greater extent. This cost-effective acrylic prosthetic limb avoids any irritation or side effects to the one who carries it.

1. Acrylic Prosthetic Limb Using
EMG Signal (BIONIC LIMB)
GUIDE: M.JASMIN
BATCH NO: 42
CHINTA ANVESH (U14EC026)
KAKULETI BALA PHANI KUMAR (U14EC055)
KATHA HARSHA VARDHAN REDDY (U14EC050)

2. ABSTRACT
● Deals with the development of a prosthetic limb made of acrylic sheet
using electromyography signals
● The people who lost a part of their limb due to traumatic injuries
occurring due to traffic accidents and military combat
● Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording
the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. An
electromyography detects the electrical potential generated by
muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically
activated.

3. ● Measured EMG potentials range between 2 millivolt to 4 millivolt
depending on the muscle under observation. The two surface
electrodes are attached to the healthy limb and sense the muscle
contraction when a movement is made.
● This output is given to the arduino microcontroller, this controller is
programmed that, it acquires the angle and transformation link
obtained due to the locomotion of normal limb.
● Measured EMG potentials range between 2 millivolt to 4 millivolt
depending on the muscle under observation. The two surface
electrodes are attached to the healthy limb and sense the muscle
contraction when a movement is made.

4. • This output is given to the arduino microcontroller, this controller is
programmed that, it acquires the angle and transformation link
obtained due to the locomotion of normal limb.
• The major advantage of the proposed system is that, usage of acrylic
sheets reduces the weight of the prosthetic limb to a greater extent.
• This cost effective acrylic prosthetic limb avoids any irritation or side
effects to the one who carries it.
• Mainly we can reduce the pricing by using EMG sensor so that people
can effort it efficiently.

5. LITERATURE SURVEY
As the population ages, the need for rehabilitation robots is becoming
greater and greater. Considering that lower limb motion plays an important role
in the activities of daily life. This paper focus on developing a 3-degree of
freedom bionic knee lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot. The
exoskeleton consists of a 1-DOF hip joint and 2-DOF knee joint in the sagittal
plane. According to the theory of human gait and lower limb structure, a 3-RPR
(Revolute pair - Prismatic pair - Revolute pair) parallel mechanism was
designed to fully accommodate the motion of the human knee joint and obtain
the trajectory of lower limb. The parameters of the mechanism was optimized
based on maximizing the useful work space.

6. In order to enable people of different height to use the exoskeleton robot, we
designed a leadscrew nut mechanism to adjust the length of the exoskeleton step
less. Compared with other traditional lower limb exoskeleton robots, this robot has
the characteristics of compact structure and bionic knee joint. In order to verify the
feasibility of this exoskeleton, a simulation based on MATLAB and ADAMS was
performed.

7. EXISTING SYSTEM
● Acrylic Prosthetic Limb Using.
● Prosthetic is an artificial extension that
replaces a missing body part.

8. PREPOSED
• The two surface electrodes are attached to the healthy limb
and sense the muscle contraction when a movement is made
• Myoelectric or EMG signal are acquired using suitable sensors
(either from surface of the body or from muscle) from the human
body are widely used in actuating prosthetic devices.
• Prosthetic is an artificial extension that replaces a missing
body part. They are used to replace parts lost by injury or
missing from birth or to supplement defective body parts.

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM

10. ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG SENSOR)
Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for
evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is
performed using an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record
called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electric potential
generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically
activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation
level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal
movement.

11. The electrical source is the muscle membrane potential of about –90 mV.
Measured EMG potentials range between less than 50 μV and up to 20 to 30 mV,
depending on the muscle under observation.
Typical repetition rate of muscle motor unit firing is about 7–20 Hz, depending on
the size of the muscle (eye muscles versus seat (gluteal) muscles), previous axonal
damage and other factors. Damage to motor units can be expected at ranges between
450 and 780 mV.

12. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
● Causes minimal patient discomfort
● Doesn’t required special training
DISADVANTAGES
● Restricted to superficial muscles
● Impeded by fat cells
● Difficult to distinguish from adjacent muscles

13. EMG Sensor APPLICATIONS
• It is widely used in medical field
• Used to measure and monitors muscle signals
• New generation of EMG Sensors are handy to use
• It collect all muscles at a spot and processes it
• Using this sensor we can able to design bionic hand also

14. ARDUINO (MICROCONTROLLER):
Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and
digital world.

15. SERVO MOTORS:
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a
sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a
dedicated module designed specifically for use with servo motors.

16. EMG sensor ELECTRODES LOCATION ON BODY
EMG sensor is mainly
used to detect muscular
signals so that it is important
to locate exact muscle points
so that it can able to detect
perfect signal without any
disturbance signals. And
able to process it for further
moments by bionic limb.

17. SIGNAL PROCESSING
Electrodes collect the
muscle signals and give
to microcontroller. It
check the electronic
signal and convert it to
digital signal according
to program. And digital
signal is given to servo
motors so that it can
able to make a
movement according to
signals.

18. PHYSICAL DESIGN OF BIONIC LIMB
Lot of changes had been
taken in between first & second
generation of bionic limb. Hydraulic
pistons and springs are replaced
by servo motors. Change of shape
give dedicated space for
microcontroller and for high
capacity battery. And Curved foot
can able to make our walk smooth
and comfortable. But servo motor
make little noise than hydraulic
pistons.

19. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG SENSOR)
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring
method to record electrical activity of the brain. It is typically noninvasive, with the
electrodes placed along the scalp, although invasive electrodes are sometimes
used such as in electrocorticography. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting
from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to
the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as
recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications
generally focus either on event-related potentials or on the spectral content of
EEG. The former investigates potential fluctuations time locked to an event like
stimulus onset or button press. The latter analyses the type of neural oscillations
(popularly called "brain waves") that can be observed in EEG signals in the
frequency domain.
ALTERNATIVE
method for
BIONIC LIMB
using EEG
sensor (brain
signals).

20. It is a EEG sensor collect
the electronic signals from
brain using multiple electrodes
through the head.
It is a EEG sensor collect the
electronic signals from brain
through single electrode (costly).

21. EEG Sensor APPLICATIONS
• It is widely used in medical field.
• It is used to collect nerve signals
to monitor the patient health
condition.
• New generation EEG sensor
collect whole brain signals from
one place
• It is costs lot than EMG sensor.
• We can able to control things
using EEG sensor.

22. RESULT
12v / 9v adapter is connected to the ARDUINO and we distribute 5v power to SERVO
MOTORS for the rotation of KNEE and ANKLE. EMG sensor is placed on leg based on
the muscle movement. it detect the EMG signal and amplifies before sending it to
ARDUINO. according to the values given it makes SERVO MOTORS rotate according to
the EMG signal for the movement in leg.

23. FINAL OUTPUT:

24. In this work, a knee exoskeleton was developed which utilises the CompAct-
RS, a series elastic actuator, to achieve an improved compliant physical
interaction with the operator. The mechatronic system of the CompAct-RS was
described and the derivation of the mechanical requirements of its design were
discussed.
CONCLUSION