it covers various types of bioenergy and also contains various energy yielding technologies. it shows the bioenergy scenerio in India.it also shows various activities and programmes related with bioenergy

2. ROLE OF BIOENERGY IN
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Arya D B

3. Bioenergy
 Energy which is stored in biological matter or biomass.
 This can be anything from plants to straw to slurry to
food waste and even sewage.
 When these materials are used for their energy
content, they are referred to as feedstocks.
 Sometimes feedstocks are grown specifically for their
bioenergy content (energy crops)
 while others are waste products
 from industries such as agriculture, food processing or
timber production.
 The the feedstock is processed to get bioenergy

4. Main processes for bioenergy
 Basically three principle processes to treat biomass
to produce bioenergies
 Thermochemical conversion processes
 Biochemical conversion processes
 Mechanical –chemical conversion processes

5. Thermo chemical conversion
processes
 Three conversion processes
 Combustion
 widely used processes
 Solid biomass is combusted to produce steam – fed
into turbo generator to produce electricity
 Gasification
 Partial oxidation of carbon rich biomass feed stock
in to a combustible gas (producer gas)

6.  Temperature 800-9000c
 Restricted supply of air or oxygen
 Pyrolysis
 Thermo chemical process
 Converts biomass into liquid, solid charcol, non
condensable gas , acetic acid, acetone, methanol
 Temperature – 400-8000c
 Complete absence of oxygen
 Pyrolysis bio oil has a heating value of 17MJ/kg about
60% of the value of diesel

7. Biochemical conversion process
 Two main processes
 Anaerobic digestion-
 Numerous sps of bacteria participate in the
decomposition of organic matter
 In the absence of oxygen
 Produces biogas (50-75% methane & 45-25% CO2 )

8.  Fermentation (Hydrolysis)
 Large scale process
 Produce ethanol from sugar or starch crop as well
as ligno cellulosic biomass
 Biomass (cellulose or hemi cellulose) converted to
sugars by enzymes.
 Next sugar is converted to ethanol by yeast

9. Mechanical or chemical conversion
process
 Oil seed crops, which contain high fraction of oil
can be physically crushed and oil extracted .

11. Types of bioenergy / biofuel
 Derives from biological carbon fixation
 Includes
 Solid biofuels
 Liquid biofuels- ethanol and biodiesel
 Gaseous biofuels-biogas and bio syngas
 Other bioalcohols- ethanol & Butanol
 Vegetable oil
 Some other minor fuels- algae fuel ,biohydrogen
etc

12. Solid biofuels
 Includes wood, sawdust , grass trimmings,
charcoal, agricultural waste ,domestic waste, no
food energy crops and dried manure
 When raw biomass is already in suitable form it
can burn directly
 When it is in inconvenient form typical process will
be carried out such as grinding
 Often be a byproduct , residue or waste product of
other processes.

13.  Effect of combustion of raw biomass – emits
considerable amount of pollutants such as
particulates and PAHs.
 Pellets made from agricultural waste produces
large emission of dioxins and chlorophenol
 But have less impact than fossil fuels

14. Liquid biofuels
 Transportation fuels are generally liquid
 Because vehicles requires high energy density
 Internal combustion engine requires clean burning
fuels to keep the engine clean and minimise air
pollution.
 The fuels easiest to burn are liquids & gases
 Liquids and gases can be easily pumped
 Handling is easy
 Ethanol ,Biodiesel & vegetable oil

15. Ethanol
 Produced by fermentation of sugars derived from
wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugarcane , molasses etc
 enzyme digestion , Fermentation , Distillation &
Drying.
 For distillation – significant energy is needed as
heat
 Generally used in petrol engines as a replacement
for gasoline.
 It can also mixed with gasoline

16.  Ethanol has smaller energy density than gasoline
 Advantage – high octane value rating
 In high altitude locations some states mandate a
mix of gasoline and ethanol as a winter oxidiser to
reduce pollution
 Bioethanol can also be used in fireplaces.
 They not emit flue so there is no need of
chimmeney.

17. biodiesel
 in some countries, it is less expensive than diesel
 Produced from oils or fats
 Employs transesterification process
 Chemically, it consists mostly of fatty acid methyl
esters
 Feed stocks include animal fats, vegetable oils, soy,
rapeseed, jatropha, palm oil etc
 Pure biodiesel is the lowest emission diesel fuel

18.  It can be used in any diesel engine mixed with
mineral oil
 It is also safe to handle and transport
 Because it is biodegradable as sugar
 10 times less toxic than table salt
 Has high flash point is about 3000 F compared to
petroleum diesel fuel which has a flash point of
1250 F

19. Vegetable oil
 Dr. Diesel originally designed the diesel engine to
burn and operate on vegetable oil
 But edible vegetable oil costs more- so it is not
generally used as a fuel
 But lower quality oil can be used
 Also used vegetable oil can also be used after
cleaning

20. Gaseous fuels
 Biogas & syngas

21. Biogas
 Methane produced by the process of anaerobic
digestion of organic materials by anaerobes.
 It can be produced from biodegradable waste
materials or by energy crops.
 The solid by product can also be used as a biofuel
or fertiliser
 Biogas can be recovered from mechanical
biological treatment waste processing system
 Farmers can produce biogas from manure from
their cows by using an anaerobic digester

22.  Landfill gas is a less clean form of biogas
 Which is produced from land fills by the natural
anaerobic digestion
 If it escapes in the atmosphere it is a high potential
green house gas

23. Biosyngas
 Is a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and
other hydrocarbon
 Produced by the partial combustion of biomass
 In limited amount of oxygen
 Before the partial combustion biomass is dried
 It is more efficient than direct combustion of
original biofuel

24.  Syngas may be burned directly in internal
combustion engines, turbines or high temperature
fuel cells
 Syngas can be used to produce methanol,DME,
hydrogen and can also be converted to produce a
diesel sustitute

25. Other bioalcohols
 Butanol & Methanol

26. Butanol
 Ethanol is commonly produced by the action of
microorganism
 Butanol is less commonly produced biologically
 It is claimed to provide a direct replacement of
gasoline
 It is formed by ABE fermentation
 Butanol will produce more energy

27. Methanol
 Currently produced from natural gas
 It can also be produced from biomass as
biomethanol
 Methanol economy is an alternative to hydrogen
economy

28. Other minor fuels(algae ,
biohydrogen)
 They are produced from sustainable feed stock
 Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is
an alternative to liquid fossil fuels
 that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils.
 Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly
known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane
 A report on recent discovery of the fungus
Gliocladium roseum can be produce medium
lenghth hydrocarbons from cellulose

29.  Biological hydrogen production is one of the most
imperative and demanding areas of research and
technology development
 It is a clean, efficient, and sustainable energy
option to be considered as imminent fuel.
 The successful biohydrogen production needs
technology improvement, use of updated microbial
technologies to generate, and developing
innovative proficient methods of biohydrogen
production.

30.  Various social , economic , environmental and
technical issues associated with biofuel production
and use
 With the enhanced economic development, India
is currently experiencing a surge in energy demand
 Increasing import dependence may not be
sustainable as long run
 So greater research intiatives , private investment
and promotion of bioenergy technology by
Ministry of New and Renewable energy(MNRE).

31.  Under MNRE various aspects related to the
bioenergy include
 Assesement of current actual biomass usage
versus projected demands
 Development and promotion of bioenergy usage
 Development of Village Energy Security
Programme(VESP) project- supported by govt of
India

32. Village energy security programme
 Initiated by MNRE
 During 10th 5 yr plan
 To organize and marshal local sources of total
energy requirement of villages including lighting,
cooking and motive power with the involvement of
local community
 Aims to transform the locally available biomass
energy use by inducting innovations and new
technologies

33. Cooking fuel for India
 Traditional solid biofuels are still widely using
 According to the latest available National sample
survey (NSS) data, the primary source of cooking in
rural area was firewood followed by LPG
 84.9% of rural households and 21.5% of urban
households uses biomass based fuel

34. Development of biodiesel in India
 Mainly based on the cultivation and processing of
jatropha plant
 Which are very rich in oil.
 Environmentaly, jatropha oil gives 30-50% low
carbon di oxide as compared to petro diesel
 The govt of India has identified 98million acres of
land for jatropha cultivation
 Hoping it will produce 20% of India’s diesel
consumption

35.  The former president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam strongly
recommended jatropha cultivation and production
of biodiesel
 Indian railways are also started the use of this oil
 National Biodeisel Mission, India- biodiesel
development and commercialisation

36. Necessity of energy management???
 Energy is the main source of sustainable development.
 Therefore, managing the energy sources effectively
and efficiently is a predominant requirement.
 parameters such as energy cost, energy saving, energy
balance, environmental benefits, sustainability, waste
to energy, safety and health, quality, productivity,
energy supply, transmission and distribution, energy
backup and storage, infrastructure, energy
innovations, energy planning and management, energy
system monitoring, and alarm system the parameters
that effect on the necessity of energy management.

37. References
 M K Ghosh Roy (2015) Renewable energy,scientific
international pvt ltd, New delhi p.p(205-266)
 S Prasad and M S Dhanya(2012)Biofuels,Narendra
publishing house ,New delhi, p.p(1-63)