Study Of Present Status Combine Harvester In India

1. Study Of Present Status
Combine Harvester In India
Ashishkumar Koradia
akkoradia51@gmail.com

2. INTRODUCTION
• The first combine was invented by Hiran Moore in 1838. It took
many decades for the combine to become popular. Early combines
often took more than 16 horses to drive them, and were later
combines were pulled by steam engines
• Tractor-drawn, PTO-powered combines were used for a time.
Tractor drawn combines evolved to have separate gas or diesel
engines to power the grain separation. Newer kinds of combines
are self-propelled and use diesel engines for power.
• combine harvesters which got manufactured in India in 1970 for
first time, Punjab occupies a dominant place with more than 87% of
the units located in the state. Combine harvester are becoming
increasingly popular on big farms in India.

3. What is combine harvester?
• A combine is reaper cum thresher put together to harvest,
threshes and cleans the grain from the straw in one
operation.

4. COMPONENTS

5. According the source of the power used
combines may be classified as:
• Self-propelled(wheel & track) type
• PTO operated

6. To be more precise the work of a combine may be
stated as follow:
• Harvesting
• Feeding of crops to the threshing unit.
• Threshing the seed from the head.
• Separating the seed from the straw.
• Cleaning the seed from the chaff.

7. FUNCTION
• The function of a combine harvester is to cut, thresh, winnow and
clean grain/seed. It consists of header unit, threshing unit,
separation unit, cleaning unit and grain collection unit.
• The function of the header is to cut and gather the crop and deliver
it to the threshing. The reel pushes the straw back on to the
platform while it is cut by the cutter bar.
• The crops are threshed between cylinder and concave due to
impact and rubbing action.
• The threshed material is shaken and forced back by the straw rack
so that the grain moves and falls through the openings in the rack
onto the cleaning shoe while the straw is discharged at the rear.
• The cleaning mechanism consists of two sieves and a fan. The grain
is conveyed with a conveyor and collected in a grain tank.

8. TYPES OF COMBINE HARVESTER
Self propelled
Combine harvester
Mini combine Self propelled rice

9. Cotton stripper
harvester
Corn (Maize)
harvester
tractor mounted
combine harvester

10. Trends in growth of harvesting and
threshing machinery
Power source 1971-72 1991-92
Tractor powered combine harvester 3.5 61.5
Self-propelled combine harvester 4.5 35
Stationary Thresher
•Wheat
•Paddy
•Others
2058
1825
136
97
13793
10757
1353
1683
( In Thousands)

11. Level of mechanisation in percentage, by crop and
value- chain process
Crop Seedbed
preparation
Sowing/Planting Weed and
pest controls
Harvesting
and threshing
Paddy 85-90 5-10 80-90 70-80
Wheat 90-95 80-90 70-80 80-90
Patato 90-95 80-90 80-90 70-80
Cotton 90-95 50-60 50-60 0
Maize 90-95 80-90 70-80 50-60
Gram 90-95 50-60 60-70 30-40
Sorghum 80-90 30-50 60-70 20-30
(Source : country presentation paper, Agricultural Machinery
Manufactures Association (AMMA) India, October 2014)

12. Market overview of the major farm machinery used in India
Name of machinery Market annually Approximate cost
(US $/ Unit)
Estimated year
Tractor 6,00,000 7000-12,000 2014
Power tiller 56,000 2100 2014
Combine harvester 4000-5000 22,000-35,000 2014
Thresher 1,00,000 1600-2500 2014
Rotavator 60,000-80,000 1300-2000 2014
Rise transplanter
•Walking type
•Riding type
1500-1600
2500-4200
3300-16,600
2014
Self-propelled vertical
conveyor reaper
4000-5000 1300-2000 2014
Zero till seed drill 25,000-30,000 750-850 2014
Multi-crop planter 1000-2000 850-1000 2014
Laser land leveller 3000-4000 5800-6500 2014
Power weeder 25,000 8500 2014
(source: Trend of agricultural mechanization in India, United Nation Economics
and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific, CSAM policy brief, June 2014)

13. List of combine harvester manufactured in
India

14. Technical specification of combine manufactured in India
Combine Year of
Test
Max.
Power
kW
SFC
g/kWh
Cutter
bar
Width,
m
Threshing
Drum type
Weigh
t, kg
Wheat Rice
Swaraj 8100 1983 73.3 283 4.28 R P 8455
ESPI 614 1982 57.8 298 4.28 R P 8720
IC 616 Deluxe 1987 72.5 295 4.28 R P 9140
Standard S-
8300
1989 75.3 271 4.85 R P 9395
Bharat 730
Deluxe
1989 71.1 264 4.28 R P 7420
Axia 6-514 1989 75.3 258 4.24 R P 7880
Deshmesh
9100
1996 63.6 239 4.28 R P 10180
Preet 987 1996 62.5 240 4.28 R P 10460
Standard C
514
1992 71.7 258 4.28 R P 9495
Standard C
412
1992 52.5 256 3.63 R P 7785
Kartar 4000 1989 55.0 318 3.92 R P 7200
Kartar 3500 1986 28.7 329 3.26 R P 5790
Note :R = Rasp bar, P = Peg tooth Source: FMTTI, Budni (MP)

15. Performance of indigenous combines
Combine Rate of work(ha/hr) Fuel Consumption(l/hr)
Grain (kg/hr) Crop (t/hr)
Class Crop Tiger W 0.38-0.60 6.35-7.33 1333-2762 2.07-5.70
P 0.26-0.41 6.25-7.74 1855-2691 4.76-9.12
Swaraj 8100 W 0.91-2.62 9.16-11.29 1864-3849 3.81-7.68
P 0.32-0.61 8.61-10.45 2662-5624 5.49-11.34
ESPI 61L1 W 0.92-1.90 7.6-10.83 2704-7723 5.26-13.00
P 0.51-1.00 6.8-9.50 3504-5432 10.07-17.75
Standard S8300 W 0.67-1.55 7.6-9.67 3503-4215 6.20-13.39
P 0.61-0.87 6.8-9.10 2257-9610 4.58-22.43
Bharat 730 W 0.81-1.50 7.08-8.26 2824-6250 5.96-11.98
P 0.44-0.83 5.88-7.71 1256-5677 5.00-9.95
Axia S-574 W 0.56-1.43 7.57-11.73 1124-7785 2.29-14.22
P 0.54-0.93 6.70-8.96 2226-6021 7.04-17.97
Deshmesh 9100 W 0.89-1.27 7.08-8.00 2764-4967 5.27-9.31
P 0.60-1.06 5.73-6.93 3265-9255 8.42-24.66
Preet 987 W 0.76-1.23 6.75-8.28 2059-5418 5.01-11.95
P 0.60-1.00 5.18-7.37 2583-9114 7.72-22.90
Kartar 4000 W 0.58-0.98 6.76-10.20 2747-7520 4.29-11.49
P 0.40-0.80 7.31-9.23 1630-6347 3.93-17.84
Kartar 3500 W 0.70-1.00 5.28-7.07 1461-3989 2.56-7.38
P 0.19-0.67 4.88-6.56 2156-4238 3.46-8.23

16. Conclusion
• India is second largest producer paddy and wheat in
the world after china.
• So that, the production of these crops is increasing
gradually. For the harvesting of these crops in
minimum time with more yields is necessary. In the
peak period of harvesting labor of shortage.
• In order to solve these problems combine harvesters
used.
• In India, If farmers have a large farm area, so that the
harvesting of these farms the combine harvester is
very efficient as compare to other harvester.

17. References
• http://tractors.wikia.com/wiki/Combine_harvester
• M.M. Pandey, Project Coordinator, AICRP on FIM, CIAE
Bhopal,Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for
Crop Production
• Gyanendra Singh, Director, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering,
Bhopal, Agricultural Machinery Industry in India (Manufacturing,
marketing and mechanization promotion)
• http://tractors.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_combine_harvester_manufactu
rers
• Sukhpal Singh, Agricultural Machinery Industry in india: A study of
Growth, Market Structure, and Business Strategies,Centre for Management
in agriculture (CMA) and Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad