The main divisions of the marine environment. The two primary divisions of the sea are the benthic and the pelagic. The former includes all of the ocean floor, while the latter includes the whole mass of water. ... The deep-sea system is divided into an upper (archibenthic) and a lower (abyssal-benthic) zone.

1. classification OF marine environment
College Of Fisheries, N.D.U.A & T, Kumarganj,
Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh.
Ashish sahu

2.  Introduction .
 Marine topography.
 Marine environment.
 Classification of marine environment.
 Pelagic environment.
 Benthic environment.
 Marine organism.

3. The ocean occupies 71% of the world
surface.
Marine ecosystem are the largest of
earth’s aquatic ecosystem.
Contains the largest amount of biomass.
Marine habitat can be divided into two
part:- pelagic and benthic habitats.

4. Marine enviroment include coastal like
estuaries and wetland and oceanic
landform from deep sea.
The submerged surface has feature
include as well as undersea, volcanoes,
oceanic trench, sub marine canyon, and
abyssal plains.
Continental shelf is less than 200m deep.

5.  Pelagic zone include the entire of water mass
from sea surface.
 Pelagic environment are divided into two
part.
 A –Neritic habitats
 B – Open sea habitats.
 Neritic zone extends from sea shore to the
continental slope.
 Ocean extends from the shelf break & cover
the entire ocean.

6. o Neritic extends from shore line to the point
of continental shelf.
It cover the water mass of the continental
shelf.
The water extends 200meters depth.
Neritic zone is more productive because
several energy such as tidal water and
wave.

7. • Open ocean extend from the continental slope
and covers the entire ocean.
• The open ocean has low nutrient levels and
supports only the smallest species of
phytoplankton.
• Still, because of its enormous area, most
photosynthesis on Earth occurs in the sunlit top
200 meters of the open ocean.

8. Horizontal: Neritic | oceanic
Vertical:
Epi pelagic 0-200 meter depth
Me so pelagic 200-1000m depth
Bathypelagic 1000-4000 m depth
Abysso pelagic 4000-6000m depth
Hadal zone 6000 to the bottom depth

10. Epipelagic zone extends from the ocean
floors 0-200m depth.
Sun light is abundance.
90%of the all ocean life live is epipelagic
zone.
Fauna include many species of fish and
some mammals, such as whales and
dolphins.
Many feed on the abundant plankton.
Species in these zone tuna, dolphin, blue
whale.

11. ‘Twilight zone" of the ocean
Depth from 200m-1000m .
• Some light is as deep mesopelagic zone.
• Species lantern fish, squid, wolf eel, cuttle fish.
Food becomes scarce – some animals
• Migrate up to the surface at night to feed
• Rely on food that falls down from above

12. Big Scale - ambush predator
ctenophore – related to jellyfish
cilia can be illuminated
Firefly squid
three kinds of photophores
Hatchet Fish
only a few inches long
Viperfish
specially adapted hinged skull
Dragonfish - stomachs hold big meals
Snipeel
up to 1.2m
Siphonophores are colonies of animals
related to jellyfish best known is
Portugese Man of War

13. Extends down from 1000 to 4000m.
Only light is from bioluminescent organisms
 Only food is trickles down from above, or from
eating other animals.
 Water pressure at this depth is considerable
(~100 – 400 atmospheres).
Most animals are either black or red in color.

14. Narcomedusa
Vampire Squid
Snake Dragon
Angler Fish
Amphi - crustacean
Ctenophore – voracious
predator
Deepstaria very slow swimmers,
no tentacles, close flexible bells
(up to a meter across) around
their prey
Big Red
grows to over
a meter across

15.  4000m to 6000m the sea floor.
 Only zone deeper than this is the hadalpelagic
zone.
• Areas found in deep sea trenches and
canyons.
 These zone also characterised by continous
cold and lack of nutrients.
• species in these zone angler fish and
giant squids.

16. Deep Water Squid
Shrimp
Deep Sea Smoker - 648°F
Basketstar
Sea Pig
Sea Spider
Winged Sea Cucumber
Medussa
Deep-sea Anemone
Hydrothermal Vent

17. The deepest pelagic zone between 4000-
6000m depth.
It is also known as biozone.
Low temperture in this zone.
Hadal zone has low population and low
diversity.
Common organism includes jelly fish, sea
cucumber, viper fish.

19.  The benthic zone
between high tide and
low tide.
 littoral zone is a part of
sea ,that is closed to the
shore.
 Three sub region
namely, supralittoral
(splash zone), eulitroral
(mid littoral), sublittoral
(sub tidal zone).

20.  Bottom Dwellers
• Anchor to one spot: barnacles, oysters
• Burrow in mud or sand: worms
• Walk on bottom: Lobsters, crabs
 Habitats:
• Intertidal zones, rocky shores, tide pools
• Muddy Sandy communities
• Deep ocean/ coral reefs
• Hydrothermal vent areas

22.  Depth 1000-4000m
 It is also known as mid night zone because of lack
of light.
 These zone extends to benthic zone on the ocean
bed of the continental slope.
 Many form of necton live in zone such squid, large
whale, octopus.

23. Depth 6000m at the bottom of the ocean.
Biomass decrese to a very small amount.
Hadal zone has low population and low
diversity.
Low temperture.
Common organism jelly fish, viper fish, sea
cucumber.

24. Abyssal zone that contains very deep
benthic near the bottom of ocean.
Abyssal zone cover more than 50% of the
earth.
Absence of light.
Food in benthos .

25.  Marine organisms can be classified into
one of three groups based on habitats
1. Plankton (floaters)
 Phytoplankton (drifting plants and algae)
 Zooplankton (drifting animals)
2. Nekton (swimmers)
3. Benthos (bottom dwellers)

26. Plankton are weak swimmers, and are
known as drifters, unable to counteract
currents.
• Phytoplankton (plants) (diatoms,
dinoflagellates etc.)
• Zooplankton (animals) (all inverts. And
other “floating” animals)

27. Phytoplankton Zooplankton

28. Nekton are active swimmers capable of
counteracting currents.
Nekton: large, swimmers, live here too
• Fish
• Squids
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals

30. Epiflora or epifauna live on the sea bottom.
Infauna live in the sea bottom.
Benthic plants are restricted to shallow
water.
Benthic animals occur everywhere from
shallow depths to the deep sea.

32. 1. Oceanography-: Dr. Savindra
Singh
2. Ocean national
geographic.com
3. Untamed science.com
4. www.Google.com