Content regarding brain

1. By-
Mr. ASHOK BISHNOI
Assist. Professor , JINR

2.  The brain is the largest mass of nervous
tissue in the body.
 It lie in the cranial cavity
 Weight of brain:-
 In male is -1380 gm (48.6 oz)
 In female is – 1250gm (44 oz)
Introduction:-

3.  By carotid artery
 Rt & lt anterior cerebral artery
 Rt & lt posterior cerebral artery
 Vertebral artery
 Brain receive about 15% of the
cardiac output
 Approximately 750 ml blood/mt
Blood supply to the brain;-

5.  Cerebrum (Forebrain)
 Mid brain
 Pons
 Medulla oblongata Brain steam
 Cerebrum (Hindbrain)
Part of the brain:-

6. Structure:-

8.  This is largest part of the brain
 It is egg shaped organ.
 It occupies the anterior & middle cranial
faossa
Cerebrum (forebrain):-

9. Layers of the Cerebrum
 Gray matter
 Outer layer
 Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
 White matter
 Fiber tracts inside the gray matter
 Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres

10. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)
 Paired (left and right)
superior parts of the
brain
 Include more than
half of the brain
mass
 Each hemisphere of
cerebrum divided in
to lobs

11. Lobes of the Cerebrum:-
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

13. Frontal lobe:-Center of reasoning, Planning, Emotion, Speech,
Problem solving.
Parietal lobe:-Receive sensory input from Skin (touch, pain,
perception etc.)
Occipital lobe:- Receive input from eye.
Temporal lobe:- Hearing, Memory, Speech .
The boundaries of lobes are marked by deep sulci
These are Central, Lateral, Parietal , Occipital sulci

15. Functional Areas of the Cerebrum:-
 Motor area ( Lie in frontal lobe)– sends impulses to
skeletal muscles.
 Broca’s area (motor speech) – Situated in
frontal lobe (Control muscle movement necessary for speech)
 Sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s
sensory receptors

16. Sensory and Motor Areas of the
Cerebral Cortex
Slide 7.31
Figure 7.14

17. Sensory area:-
Slide
 Cerebral areas involved in special senses
Gustatory area (taste)
Visual area
Auditory area
Olfactory area

19.  Gustatory area (taste):- Situated above the lateral sulcus
impulses from sensory receptor in taste buds are receive &
perceive taste.
 Visual area:- Situated in occipital lobe (optic nerve pass from
the eye to this area.
 Auditory area (Hearinf0:- Situated below the lateral
sulcus in temporal bone. ( receive & interrupt impulse transmit from
inner ear to auditory part)
 Olfactory area (smell):-Situated in temporal lobe were
impulse from nose transited through olfactory nerve are receive &
interrupt.

20. Other areas:-
Thalamus:- Sensory input from skin or special sense.
Hypothalamus:- It is compose of number of nerve cell
It is situated front & below the thalamus.
Function:-
1. Appetite & satiety
2. Thirst & water balance
3. Regulate body temperature
4. Emotional reaction

21. Brain Stem
 Attaches to the spinal cord
 Parts of the brain stem
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Cerebrum (Hindbrain)

22. 1. Mid brain:-
• It is the area of brain situated around the
cerebral aqueducts between cerebrum &
pons.
• It connect the cerebrum with lower part of
brain & spinal cord

23. 2. Pons:-
• I t is situated in front of the cerebellum.
• It consist of nerve fiber(white matter).
• Passing fiber from higher level of brain to
spinal cord .

24. 3. Medulla oblongata:-
• It extent from pons above &
• it continuous with spinal cord
below.
• About 2.5 cm long.
• Function:- ( the vital center)
• Cardiovascular center (HR control & BP regulation)
• Respiratory center
• Reflex center of Vomiting, Coughing, Sneezing, &
Swallowing

25. 4. Cerebellum.:-
• It is situated behind the pons
• It occupying posterior cranial fossa
Function:-
• It help co-ordination of
voluntary muscular
movement, Posture
& balance.