2. ▪ The process of rearing, breeding
and harvesting of aquatic species,
both animals and plants, in
controlled aquatic environments
like the oceans, lakes, rivers,
ponds and streams
▪ It is an ancient farming
enterprise, Practised for more than
2500 years
3. THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
❑ The ever first attempt was for hobby
❑Later the nutritional advantages were felt
❑Changed life style of human being
❑Population growth
❑Need for alternative food for man
4. REASONS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Civilization - demanded more nutritious food
Agriculture – development of allied fields
Resources utilization
Health conscience and
Employment and earning
5. TYPES OF AQUACULTURE
I. Depending on Hydrobiological Features
II. Depending on the Motive of Farming
III. Depending on Special Operational Techniques
6. MARICULTURE
Aquaculture that involves the use of
seawater
It can either be done next to an ocean,
with a sectioned off part of the ocean
or in ponds separate from the ocean,
but containing seawater all the same
Examples ; Prawn,Oysters and other
shell fish
7. FISH FARMING
Principal form of aquaculture
Raising fish commercially in tanks
enclosures,usually for food
Examples ; salmon, catfish , tilapia
Is highly exploited as it allows for
the production of a cheap source of
protein.
9. INTEGRATED MULTI – TROPHIC
AQUACULTURE (IMT)
Advanced system of aquaculture
Different trophic levels are
mixed into the system to provide
different nutritional needs for
each other
It tries to emulate the ecological
system that exists in the natural
habitat
10. INLAND POND CULTURE
Involves inland artificial ponds
Common to see aeration systems
connected to the pond, to introduce
air into the ponds
Enhances the supply of oxygen and
also reduces ice formation in the
winter season.
11. RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS
Involves a closed set of chambers where
fish is kept in one and water treatment
kept in another
Highly dependent on the power supply
Environmentally friendly system
because very little new water is
introduced to replace water that
evaporated
12. FLOW-THROUGH/ RACEWAY
Made of long units stocked with
fish
The units have feeding stations
attached to them
Water is diverted from flowing
water and fed into the raceway
units flowing downstream
waste is collected and disposed of
13. CONTRIBUTION
Globally increasing from 3.9% of total production in
1970 to 27.3% in 2000
As fishing has become more industrialised,aquaculture
production has grown rapidly to adress the shortfalls in
capture fisheries
17. IMPORTANCE OF AQUACULTURE
Health Benefit
Seafood are healthier and help fight cardiovascular
disease, cancer, alzheimer’s and many other major
illnesses
Sustainable Use of Sea Resources
An increase in demand for food sources and globalization
has led to an increase in fishing. Aquaculture is currently
estimated to account for approximately 13 percent (10.2
million tons) of world fish production.
18. Conservation of Biodiversity
By providing alternatives to fishing, there is a
reduced attack on the wild populations of the various
species in the sea
Increased Efficiency, More Resources for Less
Effort
It saves resources and even allows for more food to be
produced, leading to secure reserves and less stress on the
environment
19. CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL
AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
A strategic aquaculture policy, strategies and
development plans at national level
A good understanding of existing aquaculture and its
value chains, together with the opportunities for, and
constraints to, development
Involvement of the private sector, farmers and produce
groups
20. Adequate and affordable credit availability and
financing instruments
Clear and established rights for access to land tenure and
water rights, allied to a transparent, fair and supportive
permitting framework
existence of a critical mass of public and private sector
know-how
