3. DEFINITION: The evaluation of the range, mix,
specification and pricing of existing and new
products in relation to present and future market
requirements and competition.
NEEDS FOR PRODUCT PLANNING
Needs determined from current deficiencies.
Needs determined from anticipated deficiencies.
4. 1. Marketing and marketing analysis.
2. Performance of feasibility studies, and
3. Advanced product planning.
1.MARKETING AND MARKETING ANALYSIS
1. For simple products, the marketing function may not
require direct engineering involvement.
2. For more complex products, the marketing effort
involves a team approach, constituting the non-technical
sales and promotional orientation, with engineering role.
5.
6. 2.FEASIBILITY STUDY
The purpose of feasibility study is to extend the market
analysis with the intent of arriving at a preferred system
configuration that the firm is willing to offer the product
or product-mix in response to an identified need.
The various elements of the feasibility study includes:
A detailed need analysis
(1) system operation requirements
(2) maintenance support requirements.
Identification of alternative configurations.
Screening and evaluation of the available alternatives
Selection of preferred approach.
7. 3.ADVANCED PRODUCT PLANNING
The advanced product planning includes:
Product selection and justification.
Product specifications and plans.
Product acquisition plan.
Product evaluation plan.
Product use and logistic support plan.
System proposal.
8. Value analysis is one of the technique of cost
reduction and cost prevention.
Also known as value engineering, value assurance,
and value management.
According to SAVE, value engineering is the
systematic application of recognized technique
which identify the function of a product or service,
establish a monetary value for the function and
provide the necessary function reliably at the
lowest overall cost.
9. STEPS IN VALUE ANALYSIS
BLAST
•IDENTIFY THE
PRODUCT.
•COLLECT RELEVANT
INFORMATION
•DEFINE DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONS
CREATE
•CREATE DIFFERENT
ALTERNATIVES
•CRITICALLY
EVALUATE
ALTERNATIVES
REFINE
•DEVELOP THE BEST
ALTERNATIVE
•IMPLEMENT THE
ALTERNATIVE
10. CLASSES OF ECONOMIC VALUES
Use value
Esteem value
Cost value
Exchange value
The value of the product is increased:
By reducing the costs,
By improving the functions,
By both
By increasing function by increasing the costs disproportionately
low.
11. 1. Orientation phase
2. Information phase
3. Functional analysis
4. Creative phase
5. Evaluation phase
6. Development phase
7. Recommendation phase
8. Implementation phase
9. Follow up phase
12. Value analysis is the application of a set of
techniques to an existing product with a view to
improve its value. Thus value analysis is a remedial
process.
Value engineering is the application of exactly the
same set of techniques to a new product at the
design stage itself. Therefore value engineering is a
preventive process.
13.
14. Process planning consists of preparing set of
instructions that describe how to manufacture the
product and its parts.
Process planning is a detailed specification which
lists the operations, tools, and facilities.
IMPORTANCE
It establishes the link between the engineering
design and shop floor manufacturing.
15.
16. 1
• Interpreting part print analysis and symbols.
2
• Gathering the fundamental details of product design
3
• Selecting the machining processes.
4
• Selecting the proper machining with allied tooling
5
• Sequencing the operations
6
• Deciding on the inspection equipment in order to meet the desired quality
7
• Determining appropriate production tolerances
8
• Determining proper cutting tools and cutting conditions
9
• Calculating the overall times using work measurement techniques
17. 1. Volume of production.
2. The skill and expertise of manpower.
3. Delivery dates for parts or product.
4. Material specifications.
5. Accuracy and process capability of machines.
19. Manual method
• Depends on the manufacturing engineer’s
experience and knowledge of production
facilities, equipment and their capabilities,
processes and tooling.
• This method is time consuming.
• May not be consistence & optimum.
• CAPP is developed to overcome this.
20. • Experienced based and performed manually
• Variability in planner’s judgment and
experience
can lead to differences in the quality
• Problem facing modern industry is the current
lack of skilled labor force to produce machined
parts as was done in the past
• Hence Computer Integrated Manufacturing
and
Computer Aided Process Planning
21. • Reduces the demand on the skilled planner
• Reduces the process planning time
•Reduces both process planning and manufacturing
cost
• Creates consistent plans
• It produces accurate plans
• It increases productivity
APPROACHES IN CAPP
• Variant
• Generative
• Automatic
22. Batch production is needed
When the demand for a product is limited
When the rate of production is higher than the
consumption
Planning for batch production:
1. Determination of the batch size.
2. Determination of batch scheduling.
31. MACHINE LOADING
Machine loading is the process of assigning jobs to
machines, men or work centers based on relative
priorities and capacity utilisation.
32.
33.
34. Machine output is inversely proportional to the
cycle time
Qth Vs T
36. REDUCING THE
IDLE TIME
•Changing the
sequence of
operation.
•Eliminating delays
at end of cycles.
REDUCT THE
INDEPENDENT
ACTIVITY TIME
•Increasing the
running speeds,
feeds, etc.
•Selecting a better
machine for the
job.
•Transferring a part
of the operations to
another machine.
REDUCE THE
CONCURRENT
ACTIVITY TIME
•Using a better
methods and jigs
for feeding the
work .
•Carrying out most
of the preparatory
tasks while the
machine is
running.
•Automation.
37. Balancing refers to the procedures of adjusting the
times at work centers to conform as much as
possible to the required cycle time.
A balanced process is one where the actual cycle
times at every stage are equal.
38.
39. 1. BALANCED PROCESS
Let the operation time for all stages is same, say
1min. This is known as paced production line.
1MINA 1MINB 1MINC 1MIND 1MINE
RAW
MATERIA
LS
FINAL
PROADU
CT
40. 2.Unbalanced process
This is known as unpaced production line.
0.1minA 0.3minB 0.1minC 0.5minD 0.2minE
RAW
MATERIA
LS
FINAL
PROADU
CT
45. 1. Maximum process capacity in a three-product system
Maximum capacity of process 1 is described by the plane 1-3-7-1
Maximum capacity for process 2 is described by the plane 2-6-8-2
Maximum capacity for process 2 is described by the plane 2-4-1-3-5-2
46. a1x1+a2x2+………..=an xn ≤ A
b1x1+b2x2+………..=bn xn ≤ B
1. Amount of product 1 = x1
2. Amount of product 2 = x2
3. Amount of product n = xn
4. Capacity of process 1= A
5. Capacity of process 2= B
