Researching Researchers: Avalon's Repository Usage
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This document summarizes an ethnographic study conducted by Northwestern University researchers to understand how humanities scholars use audio and video collections in their research. The researchers observed scholars in context, had them keep diaries of their work, and interviewed them. They found that scholars use many different tools for accessing, analyzing, and annotating media and struggle with issues like locating files and a lack of training. The researchers plan to recruit more participants and use the findings to improve the Avalon media repository software.
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Researching Researchers: Avalon's Repository Usage
- 1. Researching Researchers: Avalon Media System's Ethnographic Study of Media Repository Usage at Northwestern University Deborah Cane, Repository Community Manager Northwestern University Carolyn Caizzi, Head of Repository and Digital Curation Northwestern University Open Repositories 2016 June 14, 2016
- 2. What is Avalon? Avalon Media System enables libraries and archives to easily curate, distribute and provide online access to their a/v collections for purposes of teaching, learning and research.
- 3. What is Avalon? Open source software system currently directed by Indiana University & Northwestern University Hydra Solution Bundle
- 4. What is Avalon? • Avalon’s Product Goals: – Easily installable and configurable – Serve a variety of use cases and institutions – Create a basis for sustainable development
- 5. Project Funding • 2010 – 2011: IMLS Planning Grant • 2011-2015: National Leadership Grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services • 2015-2016: Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- 6. Goals of current Mellon grant 1. Develop additional Avalon functionality 2. Conduct studies of use of audio and video collections by humanities researchers 3. Develop and implement a community-funded business and governance model 4. Deploy Avalon in a hosted SaaS model for testing/pilot
- 7. Overview • Brief Background • Why ETHNOGRAPHIC research? • Our research methods • Early results • Lessons Learned Thus Far
- 9. Why this research matters to Avalon: OUTREACH • Communicating the value of Avalon for research to potential Avalon adopters. • Distinguishing Avalon from other solutions that do not speak to research use cases.
- 10. Why this research matters to Avalon: DEVELOPMENT • User research will help us ensure that future features fit media researchers’ needs. – Personas – Use Cases – Understanding competing products
- 11. NU’s Use Cases
- 13. Why ethnographic research for software?
- 14. Why ethnographic research for software? Ethnography is the social equivalent of usability testing. Where usability is about how people directly interact with a technology in the more traditional sense, ethnography is about how people interact with each other. As UX designers, we’re primarily concerned with how we can use such research to solve a problem through the introduction or revision of technology. -Nathanael Boehm
- 17. Uncover issues users have, both with technology they employ and with the research technology is supposed to aid. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY
- 18. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY The key differentiator between contextual inquiry and other user research methods is that contextual inquiry occurs in context. It’s not simply an interview, and it’s not simply an observation. It involves observing people performing their tasks and having them talk about what they are doing while they are doing it.
- 19. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY
- 20. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY
- 21. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY Project Description Goals for today Media Media Used (Formats) Experience Issues Applications App Used Experience Issues Equipment Equipment Used Experience Issues
- 22. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY Step-by- Step Procedure Notes
- 23. User Research Methodology CONTEXUAL INQUIRY: Follow up interview
- 24. User Research Methodology DIARY STUDY Participants are given a diary to record and describe aspects of their lives that are relevant to a product or service. Diary studies are typically longitudinal and can only be done for data that is easily recorded by participants. A different way to capture life and the work of the same subjects as it is and not how it looks in a controlled setting.
- 25. DIARY STUDY
- 26. User Research Methodology DIARY STUDY
- 27. Study Results For scholars of all levels: More importance is put on content and accessing it, less on interface. They will use whatever player/tool is available to access the film/music/footage they need for their project.
- 28. Study Results No one uses just one tool while accessing and researching media. Ripping HandBrake MakeMKV Viewers Adobe Suite iMovie Preview QuickTime Player YouTube Note Taking Handwritten notes (legal pad/scraps of paper) TextEdit Writing Google Docs KeyNote Microsoft Word Pages Scrivener Collecting/Citing External Hard Drive DropBox EndNote Zotero “My computer is particularly slow, I should restart it, but I have too many documents open.”
- 29. Study Results COMMON FRUSTRATIONS USING MEDIA for SCHOLARSHIP: Difficulty locating files on own machine.
- 30. Study Results COMMON FRUSTRATIONS USING MEDIACOMMON FRUSTRATIONS USING MEDIA for SCHOLARSHIP: Lack of training in technology for research needs. “I should really learn how to use iMovie properly but I don’t have the time and my research budget doesn’t allow for taking a class.” (Tenure Track Study Participant, Northwestern) “I was looking for something else for my research and I found this program to use.” (Graduate Student Participant, Northwestern) “I rely on my techie-friends and students to help me when I get stuck.” (Visiting Professor Participant, Northwestern)
- 31. Study Results https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37XhIuqsWVk COMMON FRUSTRATIONS USING MEDIA for SCHOLARSHIP: Difficulty getting hi-res screen shots for presentations/publications/use as evidence.
- 32. Study Results https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37XhIuqsWVk COMMON FRUSTRATIONS USING MEDIA for SCHOLARSHIP: Lack of structural metadata in global/local searches.
- 33. Study Results Sand dunes in the Rub' al Khali ("Empty quarter") of Saudi Arabia, COURTESY WIKIPEDIA
- 34. Lessons Learned Thus Far • Bureaucracy & Your IRB
- 35. Lessons Learned Thus Far • Recruitment
- 36. From Our Mellon Grant Proposal: • The proposed user research will be multi-method, though primarily ethnographic in character: • Identify at least two disciplines for focus, such as music theory, ethnomusicology, or film studies. • Conversations with these researchers will enable us to select a set of researchers for focus who represent a wide range of media research use cases and are willing to work with us during the grant.
- 38. Lessons Learned Thus Far • Study Design and Methods
- 39. Next Steps Fall 2016: 10 new participants Winter 2017: Written report with final observations On-going: Use cases, personas, functionality and feature justification
- 40. We’re listening… Deborah Cane Repository Community Manager deborah.cane@northwestern.edu Carolyn Caizzi Head of Repository and Digital Curation carolyn.caizzi@northwestern.edu
Notas del editor
- The Avalon Media System is an open source system, developed by the libraries at Indiana University Bloomington and Northwestern University, for managing and providing access to large collections of digital audio and video. The freely available system enables libraries and archives to easily curate, distribute and provide online access to their collections for purposes of teaching, learning and research.
- The Avalon community is made up of a dozen educational, media and open-technology institutions and the project is funded in part by a two-year grant from The Andrew W . Mellon Foundation.
- One of the major motivations for the Avalon project has been to support the needs of humanities researchers for access to and use of time‐based media from library and archive collections. In the initial IMLS grant, much of the user research underlying Avalon system development focused on instructional use cases rather than research use cases. One important goal of this Mellon project is to fill out the Avalon requirements and implementation such that the system offers robust support for humanities scholarship. Thirty years of interactive software development have shown that the best way to develop useful software is to develop with users, not just for users, so we asked our community manager as part of the Mellon grant to design and conduct an ethnographic study of humanities scholars. Debs will now discuss some of the early findings, themes and potential user stories, and she will also provide a current assessment of our ethnographic study focusing on process, product and participation in case you are inspired to go home and do one of your very own studies!
- One of the major motivations for the Avalon project has been to support the needs of humanities researchers for access to and use of time-‐based media from library and archive collections. Even in the early pilot phases of Avalon, the system was used to provide remote researcher access to restricted media content digitized from the IU Moving Image Archive. However, much of the user research underlying Avalon system development has focused on instructional use cases rather than research use cases. Thus one important goal of this project is to fill out the Avalon requirements and implementation such that the system offers robust support for humanities scholarship. As detailed in the previous section, the team already has sufficient information from researchers and the librarians and archivists who support them to identify many of the features required. However, it is not sufficient to know “what” to build; it is also necessary to know “how” the features need to work and how they should be integrated with other systems and features. Thirty years of interactive software development have shown that the best way to develop useful software is to develop with users, not just for users.
- Participants put up with non-ideal conditions when working with media, because of the lack of extant and accurate historical content.