1. Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War
Section 2: The Civil War Begins

2. Thinking Question
What are the
Union’s options
against the
South?

3. A Call to Arms
• April 1861: Confederate attack
on Fort Sumter marked
beginning of Civil War

6. Fort Sumter—April 4, 1861

7. Fort Sumter—April 1865

8. A Call to Arms
• Lincoln calls for 75,000
volunteers
• Virginia, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and North
Carolina secede
• Thousands of Texans rushed
to join Confederate forces.

9. A Call to Arms
• End of 1861: 25,000
Texans in Confederate
army
• Regiments—units of
about 1,000 soldiers

10. A Call to Arms
Terry’s Texas Rangers
B.F. Terry
Hood’s Texas Brigade
John Bell Hood
Ross’s Texas Brigade
Lawrence Sullivan Ross

12. A Call to Arms
• John Reagan – Postmaster
General, served in Jefferson
Davis’ cabinet
• Francis Lubbock – First
Confederate General of
Texas

13. A Call to Arms
• Albert Sidney
Johnston—Texan
who was the
second highest-
ranking officer in
the Confederate
army until he was
killed in battle
Albert Sidney Johnston

15. Texas Readies for War
• Texas troop ill-equipped
• Texas government seized federal
property
• Captured $1 million worth of
supplies in San Antonio
• State’s resources put to use

16. Resources & Strategies
• Northern Advantages:
– Larger population
– Railroads
– Factories
– Established government

17. Resources & Strategies
• Southern advantages:
– Experienced military leaders
– Experience in riding horses
and using firearms

18. Resources & Strategies
• Confederate strategy:
– Defensive war
– South’s greatest resource for
trade with the world was
cotton

19. Resources & Strategies
• Union strategy:
– Blockade of southern seaports
– Take control of the Mississippi
– Capture Richmond, Virginia—
capital of Confederacy

20. Resources & Strategies
• War in three theatres:
– East: Washington D.C. &
Richmond
– Tennessee and Mississippi
– West of the Mississippi River

21. The Major Battles of the Civil War
• Major battles took place east of
the Mississippi
• First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861):
– Union attempt to capture Richmond
– Union forces drove out of Virginia

22. Home destroyed during First Battle of Bull Run—July 1861

23. The Major Battles of the Civil War
• Battle of Antietam (September 17,
1862):
– Lee clashes with Union force in Maryland
– Union victory
– 12,000 Union casualties
– 13,000 Confederate casualties
– Bloodiest day in American History

24. President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent

25. Allan Pinkerton, President Lincoln, and Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand

26. Battle of Antietam—September 17, 1862

27. Confederate Dead at Antietam

28. The Major Battles of the Civil War
• Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3,
1863)
– Union victory
– Lee on defensive for the rest of war
– 23,000 Union casualties
– 28,000 Confederate casualties

29. Soldiers at Gettysburg

30. Union and Confederate Dead at Gettysburg

31. The Major Battles of the Civil War
• The struggle to control the
Mississippi River Valley was
costly and of major significance
to the war.
• Battle of Shiloh (April 1862):
– Costly for both sides
– Albert Sidney Johnston killed

32. The Major Battles of the Civil War
• Siege of Vicksburg (July
1863):
– Controlled traffic on
Mississippi
– Six week siege
– Confederacy split in two

34. U.S.S. St. Louis (Ironclad)

35. Northern Strategy Southern Strategy
Section 2: The Civil War Begins