The document discusses using cognitive radio technology for disaster management and emergency services. It proposes using cognitive radios to intelligently identify unused spectrum and optimize spectrum utilization during disasters when emergency networks are overloaded. The cognitive radios would be able to quickly find and communicate with each other on available channels using a random rendezvous algorithm, and configure radio parameters to communicate on different standards used by emergency services.
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Disaster management
1. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Spectrum Sensing System of Cognitive Radio Network
for Disaster Management & Emergency Services
Kundan Kumar1
Divyang Ashwinbhai Patel1
Tushar Sharma1
Ritika Dhingra2
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknghat, Solan-173234, India
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology
Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknghat, Solan-173234, India
44th
Engineer Day , 2011
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
2. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
3. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
15th
September, Engineer Day
1 Bharat Ratna Sri Mokshagundam
Visweswaraya was a notable Indian
engineer, scholar, and statesman
2 He was responsible for successful
design and construction of several
river dams, bridges and implementing
irrigation and drinking water schemes
all over India
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
4. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
15th
September, Engineer Day
1 Bharat Ratna Sri Mokshagundam
Visweswaraya was a notable Indian
engineer, scholar, and statesman
2 He was responsible for successful
design and construction of several
river dams, bridges and implementing
irrigation and drinking water schemes
all over India
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
5. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
6. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed the role of spectrum sensing system
of the cognitive radio network for the disaster management and emergency
services. During the disaster, the failure of public networks and heavy load
on the available spectrum by different rescue and emergency services, by
using their own communication infrastructure may land-up in interference or
complete crash of emergency communication setup.
The spectrum sensing for cognitive radio network offers the sensing of
various unused spectrum which is utilizable by the organisation without
interfering to others. Cognitive engine is capable of configuring the radio
parameters to the required standards used by the various authorities during
the disaster. It helps setting up reliable, smart and intelligent communication
infrastructure during disaster.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
7. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
8. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Introduction
1 Radios be able to operate in hostile or
disaster environments.
2 Strain on the available spectrum,
efficiency important
3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach to
solve radio spectrum scarcity
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
9. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Introduction
1 Radios be able to operate in hostile or
disaster environments.
2 Strain on the available spectrum,
efficiency important
3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach to
solve radio spectrum scarcity
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
10. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Introduction
1 Radios be able to operate in hostile or
disaster environments.
2 Strain on the available spectrum,
efficiency important
3 Cognitive Radio is a novel approach to
solve radio spectrum scarcity
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
11. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Allocation
Unallocated Spectrum
3-9 KHz
ISM Bands
6.78 ± 0.015 MHz
13.560 ± 0.007 MHz
27.12 ± 0.163 MHz
40.68 ± 0.02 MHz
815 ± 13 MHz
2450 ± 50 MHz
5.8 ± 0.075 GHz
24.125 ± 0.125 GHz
61.25 ± 0.250 GHz
122.5 ± 0.500 GHz
245 ± 1 GHz
Unlicensed
1910-1930 PCS
59-64 GHz unlicensed
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
12. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
13. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
14. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
15. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
16. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
17. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Utilization
1 However, spectrum utilization is quite low.
2 Concept
Have radios (or networks) identify spectrum opportunities at run-time
Transparently (to legacy systems) fill in the gaps (time, frequency, space)
3 Considered Bands
ISM
Public Safety
TV (UHF)
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
18. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Abstract
Introduction
Spectrum Uses
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
19. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
20. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Radio
1 Cognitive implies awareness,
perception, reasoning, and
judgment.
2 Radio that can change its
transmitter parameters according
to the interactions with the
environment in which it operates.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
21. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Radio
1 Cognitive implies awareness,
perception, reasoning, and
judgment.
2 Radio that can change its
transmitter parameters according
to the interactions with the
environment in which it operates.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
22. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
23. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Our Proposal
We propose the following proposition . . .
1 Radios can be used intelligently
2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster
3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
24. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Our Proposal
We propose the following proposition . . .
1 Radios can be used intelligently
2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster
3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
25. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Our Proposal
We propose the following proposition . . .
1 Radios can be used intelligently
2 Opitmum utilization of Spectrum in diaster
3 Methods adopted for optimum utilization
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
26. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Scope of Cognitive Radio
CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .
1 Dynamic spectrum access
2 Spectrum markets
3 Self-Organizing networks
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
27. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Scope of Cognitive Radio
CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .
1 Dynamic spectrum access
2 Spectrum markets
3 Self-Organizing networks
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
28. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Scope of Cognitive Radio
CR is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities . . .
1 Dynamic spectrum access
2 Spectrum markets
3 Self-Organizing networks
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
29. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
30. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sensing
1 DSA uses under-utilized areas of
the frequency spectrum without
interfering with primary users.
2 Cognitive radios are required to
find each other first, called
randezvous process
3 In Hostile environments, it is even
more imperative that this
rendezvous process can be
achieved quickly.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
31. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sensing
1 DSA uses under-utilized areas of
the frequency spectrum without
interfering with primary users.
2 Cognitive radios are required to
find each other first, called
randezvous process
3 In Hostile environments, it is even
more imperative that this
rendezvous process can be
achieved quickly.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
32. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sensing
1 DSA uses under-utilized areas of
the frequency spectrum without
interfering with primary users.
2 Cognitive radios are required to
find each other first, called
randezvous process
3 In Hostile environments, it is even
more imperative that this
rendezvous process can be
achieved quickly.
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
33. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
34. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
35. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
36. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
37. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
38. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
39. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Random Randezvous
Algorithm of Random Randezvous . . .
1 Observe mi , the number of channels available to radio i
2 while not rendezvous do
3 ji = rand[0, mi )
4 c = ci,ji
5 attempt rendezvous on channel c
6 end while
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
40. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
41. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sharing
1 Game theory has applications in
spectrum sharing
2 Nash Equilibrium for non
co-opearative game theory
3 Opportunistic spectrum access
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
42. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sharing
1 Game theory has applications in
spectrum sharing
2 Nash Equilibrium for non
co-opearative game theory
3 Opportunistic spectrum access
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
43. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Sharing
1 Game theory has applications in
spectrum sharing
2 Nash Equilibrium for non
co-opearative game theory
3 Opportunistic spectrum access
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
44. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
45. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Engine
1 CR is built upon platform called
SDR.
2 Genetic Algorithm is used for
realising cognitive radio
Evaluating behaviour
Analysis Engine
Machine Learning
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
46. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Engine
1 CR is built upon platform called
SDR.
2 Genetic Algorithm is used for
realising cognitive radio
Evaluating behaviour
Analysis Engine
Machine Learning
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
47. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Engine
1 CR is built upon platform called
SDR.
2 Genetic Algorithm is used for
realising cognitive radio
Evaluating behaviour
Analysis Engine
Machine Learning
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
48. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Engine
1 CR is built upon platform called
SDR.
2 Genetic Algorithm is used for
realising cognitive radio
Evaluating behaviour
Analysis Engine
Machine Learning
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
49. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
Cognitive Engine
1 CR is built upon platform called
SDR.
2 Genetic Algorithm is used for
realising cognitive radio
Evaluating behaviour
Analysis Engine
Machine Learning
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
50. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
51. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Conclusion
1 During disaster, most of the
networks crashes which require
the need to access spectrum
2 Most of the networks are licensed
but unutilize & can be used during
emergency
3 Estimate of collateral damage to
the network by disaster
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
52. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Conclusion
1 During disaster, most of the
networks crashes which require
the need to access spectrum
2 Most of the networks are licensed
but unutilize & can be used during
emergency
3 Estimate of collateral damage to
the network by disaster
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
53. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Conclusion
1 During disaster, most of the
networks crashes which require
the need to access spectrum
2 Most of the networks are licensed
but unutilize & can be used during
emergency
3 Estimate of collateral damage to
the network by disaster
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
54. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Outline
1 The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Abstract
Introduction
2 Cognitive Radio
About Cognitive Radio
Our Proposal
Sensing
Sharing
Cognitive Engine
3 Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
55. The Basic Problem We Have Studied
Cognitive Radio
Our Result
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement
We like to thank Dr. Ghanshyam Singh for his extraordinary guidance
throughout our presentation.
We also wish to thank Mr. Viranjay M. Srivastava for his support and help.
Finally, we are also grateful to Mr. Salman Raju Talluri for investing his
valuable time in helping us .
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
56. Appendix Refrences
Refrences I
1 S. Haykin, Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications,
IEEE Journal Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201
- 220, 2005.
2 J. O. Neel, J. H. Reed, and R. P. Gilles, Convergence of cognitive radio
networks, IEEE Proc. WCNC, 2004, pp. 2250 - 2255.
3 Personal Communications: Special issue on Software Radios, Aug. 99,
Vol. 6, No. 4.
4 D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and
Machine Learning, Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley, 1989.
5 Applications of Machine Applications of Machine Learning Cognitive
Radio Networks by Charles Clancy, Department of Defence Joe Hecker,
SAIC Erich Stuntebeck, Georgia Tech Tim Shea, NC State
6 Game theory for cognitive radio networks by Beibei Wang, Yongle Wu,
K.J. Ray Liu
Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio
57. Appendix Refrences
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Kundan, Divyang, Tushar, Ritika Cognitive Radio