This document discusses advanced sentence structures, including parallelism, sentence fragments, and run-on sentences. It provides examples and activities to identify these structures. Parallel structure means using similar grammatical forms to connect two or more elements in a sentence. Sentence fragments are incomplete sentences that are missing a subject, verb, or both. Run-on sentences contain two or more complete sentences joined without proper punctuation or conjunctions.
2. Parallelism
• We wanted to cook and to go
swimming.
We wanted to cook and to swim.
• He is talented, intelligent and has
charm.
He is talented, intelligent and
charming.
• Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to
ride a bicycle.
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
riding a bicycle.
3. Parallel structure means that two
or more ideas in a sentence are
expressed in similar form.
And, but and or usually join
similar terms—two or more
nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs,
phases or clauses.
• My ambition is to be a doctor and
to specialize in surgery. (Parallel)
4. ACTIVITY
1. Mr. Garcia has promised me a good job and to
pay me a fair salary.
2. The manager asked both groups to meet and
share their differences and finally arriving at an
agreement.
3. The magazine contains news, pictures, ads, tell
you where to shop, and feature columns.
4. Tennis, modeling and to read suspense novels
took up most of her time.
5. This is the life –to live, working and cooking
outdoors.
6. Running towards the end zone, he slipped, got
up, and was keeping on going as fast as he
could.
7. Let’s go down to the store for a
hamburger, donuts and drinking some coffee or
tea.
5. Sentence Fragments
Every sentence has to have a subject
and a verb in order to be complete. If it
doesn't, it's a fragment. That's easy
enough if you have something like
–Ran into town. (no subject)
–The growling dog. (no verb)
6. • A fragment may be missing a SUBJECT
Threw the baseball. (Who threw the
baseball?)
• A fragment may be missing a VERB
Mark and his friends. (What about them?)
• A fragment may be missing BOTH
Around the corner. (Who was? What
happened?)
7. You can correct a fragment by
adding the missing part of speech.
Add a subject: Rob threw the
baseball.
Add a verb: Mark and his friends
laughed.
Add both: A dog ran around the
corner.
8. Run-on Sentences
Two sentences that the writer has
not separated with an end
punctuation mark, or has not joined
with a conjunction.
Here are three examples of run-ons:
1. Tyler delivered newspapers in the rain he
got very wet.
2. Kevin and his dog went for a walk it was a
beautiful day.
3. On Monday we went outside for recess it
was fun.
9. There are three ways to
correct a run-on:
1.Add a period and a capital letter.
2.Add a semicolon.
3.Add a comma and a conjunction.
10. Let’s correct a sentence using a
period and a capital letter.
• Tyler delivered newspapers in the rain
he got very wet. WRONG! RUN-ON!
• Tyler delivered newspapers in the rain.
He got very wet. RIGHT SENTENCE!
11. Let’s correct a sentence using a
semicolon.
• Kevin and his dog went for a walk it was
a beautiful day. WRONG! RUN-ON!
• Kevin and his dog went for a walk; it
was a beautiful day. RIGHT SENTENCE!
12. Let’s correct a sentence using a
comma and a conjunction.
• On Monday we went outside for recess
it was fun. WRONG! RUN-ON!
• On Monday we went outside for
recess, and it was fun. RIGHT!
SENTENCE!
