The document provides information on installing and configuring operating systems and peripheral devices for a computer system. It defines key components of the computer including the CPU, memory, control unit, and arithmetic logical unit. It describes operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux and explains how to install Windows. It also defines common peripheral devices like keyboard, mouse, printer, and monitor. It provides details on installing and connecting peripheral devices like a CD-ROM drive and connecting power and data cables.

2. Module 1
Maintain Computer System
Unit 1
Install Operating System
Computer
Definition:
"Computer is an electronic machine.
A word computer is derived from
Latin word compute which mean calculation.”
Working:
It can
• accept data
• process data
• gives information
• store data.
Basic component of computer system
These are the basic components of computer
• CPU or System unit
• Input unit
• Output unit

3. CPU or System Unit
• It is the brain of computer system.
• It is base for computer system.
• It is also know as central processing unit.
Main Parts of CPU
Three parts of cpu
• ALU
• Control Unit
• Memory Unit
Memory Unit
"Memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the
storage unit.”
It consist of Primary memory and secondary memory.
Control unit
"It controls all the peripheral devices which are attached to
computer.”
Athematic logical unit (ALU)
"It deals with all the athematic and logic operations. It is a
brain of computer. It is also called Microprocessor."
• Athematic operation: +, _, *,/
• Logical operations: <,>, <=, >=

4. Input Unit:
"Data give to computer by user called input and the hardware component are
used for giving input to computer for processing.”
Example:
• Mouse
• keyboard etc.
Output unit:
"Information given to user by computer called output and the
hardware component used for giving output to user after processing called
output unit.“
Example:
• LED's
• LCD's
• Printer etc.

5. Main Parts of Computer
Two main parts of computer
Hardware
Software
Hardware:
"Hardware is a physical part of the computer that causes the processing of data.“
Example:
• Keyboard
• mouse etc.
Software:
"Software is a set of instruction that tells the computer exactly what to do.“
Example:
• MS word
• Excel etc.

6. Types of software
Two types of software are:
 Application software
 System software
i. Application software
"Application software is a type of computer program that perform specific
function.”
Example:
• Typing tutor
• Urdu in page etc.
ii. System software:
"System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a
computer's hardware and application programs.”
Example:
• Windows operating system
• Device driver etc.

7. Operating System
Definition:
"It is a soul of computer. It controls manages all the working of computer and devices
attached.”
OR
“An operating system is a set of program contain instruction that work together.”
Working:
• All activities among computer hardware resources.
• Operating system providing a user interface, managing programs, managing memory
establish and internet connection automatically updating itself and certain utility programs.
Types of Operating system
Most common operating system for personal computer are:
• Microsoft Window
• Apple Mac os x
• Linux

8. Linux:
Pronounced Linn _ x
Developed in 1991
Version:
 Mint
 Red hat
 Fedora
Apple Mac os x:
Mac is a line of operating system.
Created by Apple INC
Usage:
Its preinstalled in Macintosh computers.
Pronounced as Mac os ten

9. Basic difference between operating system
Single Tasking:
“Single tasking system can run only one program at a
time.”
Multi Tasking:
“Multi-tasking system can run more than one
program at a time.”
Single user and Multi-tasking user:
Singer user:
“Single user operating system which only one user can
access the computer at a time.”
Multi-tasking user:
Multi user operating system which more than one
user can access the computer at a time.

10. Distributed:
This operating system manages a group of computer and
makes them appear to be single computer.
Embedded:
These operating system are designed to be used in
embedded computer.
Examples:
Windows CE
Minix3
Real time:
This operating system guaranties to process events or data
within a certain amount of time.

11. Window installation
Short steps for installation:
• Insert DVD
• Shut down/Restart
• Lenovo(F12)/Enter
• Blue screen
• Sata2 Legacy DVD Button
• Press any key
• Language to install(English)
• Next
• Install now
• Select any version
• I accept license agreement
• Select the custom
C Drive = 100 GB
1024*40 = 40GB
1024*100 = 10GB

12. Unit 2
Configure peripheral devices
Commonly used Peripheral devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Microphone
 Joystick
Keyboard:
• It is an input device.
• It is used for typing text into computer.
• It is place in USB port.
Type of keys on the keyboard
 Alphanumeric keys
 Special purpose keys
 Function keys
 Numeric pad
 Navigation keys

13. Alphanumeric keys: (A, B, C… or 123…)
Special purpose keys:(Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Cap lock, Tab…)
Function keys:( F1__ F12)
Numeric pad:(0123….)
Navigation keys: (Arrow keys)
Mouse:
 It is an input device.
 It is used to point and select the item on screen.
Type of button
• Left button
• Right button
• Scroll wheel
Left button:
It Is also called Primary button.
Right button:
It is also called secondary button.
Scroll wheel:
It allows to scroll up and down option.

14. Scanner:
It is a device that used to capture image from photographic printer, poster,
magazines, pages and similar sources for computer editing and display.
Type of scanner:
 Hand held
 Feed in
Microphone:
• Microphone is an instrument that used to convert sound waves into electrical
energy variation.
• It also called “Mic”.
• It is used for input.
Joy stick:
• It moves in all directions.
• It controls the movement of pointer.
• It looks like a mouse.
• It has two button that called “Triggers”
• It is used in games and aero plane.

15. Output devices
 Monitor
 Printer
 Projector
 Speaker
Monitor:
• It is used for display information in visual form.
• The portion of monitor that use for display information is called “Screen.”
CRT ---------(cathode ray tube)
LCD--------(liquid crystal display)
LED-------(light emitted diode)

16. Printer:
It is used for transfer data from computer
to paper.
Types of printer:
 Impact printer
 Nonimpact printer
Impact printer:
It is an inked ribbon printer.
Nonimpact printer:
It uses laser technology.
Projector:
• It is an optical device that project moving image on to a surface.
• It creates image by shining a light through a small transparent lens.

17. Printer:
It is used for transfer data from computer to paper.
Types of printer:
 Impact printer
 Nonimpact printer
Impact printer:
It is an inked ribbon printer.
Nonimpact printer:
It uses laser technology.
Projector:
• It is an optical device that project moving image on to a surface.
• It creates image by shining a light through a small transparent lens.
Speaker:
• It used with computer.
• It produces audio output.

18. Some Devices Functions As Input Output Devices
 Hard Drives
 CD/DVD Rom Drive
 Modem
 Webcam
Hard Disk Drive
• It can hold massive amount of information.
• Storage of Hard Disk is known as secondary storage/Permanent Storage.
• You can Store a large amount of data in Hard Drive.
• External Hard Drive are also available for data backup.
CD/DVD Rom Drive
CD Drive:
• Used laser to read data.
• Also write data on CDs.
DVD Drive:
• It read CD or DVDs also
• A DVD Drive that write data is called “Combo drive”.

19. Modem
Modem stand for Modulator Demodulator.
Modem devices are used for internet connection
Types:
• Wired
• Wireless
Webcam
• Webcam stand for web camera.
• Digital Camera is connect to computer.
• Send live pictures.
• Many computer come with a built in camera and microphone.
Different type of Communication Ports
Ports:
It is interface between the computer and other computer.
Use: Connecting computer through cables.

20. Type of Ports:
 Serial Port (DB9 socket)
 USB Port USB (2.0 or 3.0 socket)
 Parallel Port (DB25 socket)
 Ethernet/Internet Ports (RJ45 socket)
 VGA Port (Display Port)
 Fire Wire (IEEE 1394 interface)
 E- Sata Port
 PS/2 Port
Serial Port
• It is an electronic communication gate way.
• Transfer one bit data at a time.
• All type of data transfer between computer and other peripheral devices.
USB Port
• It is the most usable communication port for data transferring.
• It is created in 1990.
Parallel Port
• It is used for data transfer between computer and other peripheral devices through a
25 to 36 pin character.
• It is used for high transmission of data between device and computer.

21. Ethernet Port:
• It is a network hardworking interface used for data transfer and control between
two devices.
• Its speed can vary 10 Mbps up to 20 Gbps.
VGA Ports:
• It is used for connecting a computer with monitor.
• It is a replacement of MDA, CGA and EGA standards.
Fire Wire Port
• It was developed in 1990 by apple.
• It work as a Serial bus for high speed data transfer.
E- Sata Port
• It is a combined connection for external Storage devices.
• It can supply power at 5V and 12V.
PS/2 Port
• It is used for connecting mouse and keyboard with computer.
• PS/2 connector color:
 Purple: Keyboard
 Green: Mouse

22. UNIT # 3
Install Peripheral Devices
Install Most Common Peripheral devices
Installing CD ROM
• Remove the CPU case.
• Remove the drive bay cover where the CD ROM drive will be installed.
• Insert the CD ROM drive inside the drive bay slowly and smoothly.
• Fit the CD ROM drive with the locking mechanism, to let it fix it in this bay.
• Connect the SATA Power Cable to the CD ROM drive.
• Connect the other end of the SATA power cable to power supply.
• Connect the SATA data cable to the CD ROM drive.