This document discusses how BIM methodology can be used to support business processes like scheduling and progress monitoring in construction projects. It describes how 4D modeling integrates 3D models with project schedules to visualize construction sequencing and detect potential conflicts. Issues with traditional scheduling are outlined, and examples are given of how 4D modeling allows for schedule analysis, tracking progress, and improved communication and coordination between project stakeholders. The value of 4D planning is analyzed based on improved metrics like time, cost, safety and client satisfaction. Future research opportunities are presented to develop more automated and flexible visual scheduling using BIM and knowledge-based rules.

1. Business processes supported
by BIM Methodology:
scheduling and progress
monitoring
Prof. Nashwan Dawood
Teesside University, UK
n.n.dawood@tees.ac.uk
Speaker Name
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2. Scheduling and Monitoring Processes
• Scheduling: what, when, by whom,
how, what-if, etc
• WBS is the standard for scheduling
practices. Network analysis, barchat and LoB are typical techniques
• To update schedules, monitoring of
construction activities will be
conducted on weekly or monthly
intervals.
• New paradigm of integrating WBS
with PBS for 4D planning.
Whole schedule
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3. Scheduling Systems
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4. Issues with traditional scheduling
Site
congestions
Crowded
areas
CAD Design Drawings
Project
Schedule
Design
Plan/Tender
Access
blockage
Build
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4

5. Concept of 4D Scheduling
• Integration of BIM (mainly 3D
models) and schedules (4D)
• Shows progress of
construction activities at any
time.
• Visualisation of construction
products through time.
• Site Logistics.
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6. 4D and construction processes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Initiation
Preliminary
Design and developments
Detailed design
Contracts and planning
Production
Commissioning
Operation
4D scheduling
Sequence of tasks
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7. Integration processes
Process
BIM
Schedule
3D models
Integration of 3D
And schedule
4D software
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8. BIM & 4D Scheduling
• Schedule analysis
(constructability, spatial
constraints, complex sequences,
what-if)
• Schedule Review (planned vs
actual)
• Communication and marketing
(main contractor with client, main
contractor with subcontractors)
• Subcontractors coordination on
site/work-flow planning
• Track Construction progress.
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9. Building Information Modelling
4D planning examples
video
4D_preview_03.mp4
Speaker Name
9

10. Schedules Analysis, process conflict
Steel Beam and
In-situ Ground
Slab
Visualisation
(A) Work progress
Visualisation
Key
Finished
In progress
Workspace
Conflict
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11. Schedule Analysis
Steel Beam and
In-situ Ground
Slab Space
Conflicts
(C) Workspace
conflicts Visualisation
Key
Finished
11
In progress
Workspace
11
Conflict

12. Schedule analysis; execution space
congestions
Critical Space
Spatial Overload
Spatial Slack
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13. Monitoring
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14. Value of 4D planning
 Analysis
of 3 Major
projects (combined value
of £400 million)
 Development of
Measurement
methodology for KPIs
 Progress monitoring and
data anlysis
94%
Time
92%
Safety
82%
Communication
80%
Cost
7%
Planning Efficiency
Client Satisfaction
Team Performance
70%
65%
62%
60%
Productivity
52%
Quality
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%
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15. Value
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16. Research projects in the coming 10 years: automated and flexible
visual scheduling.
BIM
KB Rules about
Work methods
and temp
activities
Extension
of BIM
(ground
models,
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17. Conclusions
• BIM has had very limited use in scheduling
processes
• 4D has been taken up with contracting
organisation but as visual tool.
• 4D has the potential to be developed to cover
the control processes and utilised at workface.
• New paradigm for utilising BIM for scheduling
has been presented.
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