This document defines key concepts related to nationalism and nation-building. It discusses how nationalism and national identity can develop through either a primordial view that nations have always existed, or a modernity view that they emerged due to social and economic changes like capitalism and industrialization. Benedict Anderson's concept of nations as "imagined communities" is also summarized, where he argues nations emerged from challenges to dynastic rule during the Enlightenment. The document also discusses nation-building as an ongoing struggle, noting examples like the Philippine revolution led by Bonifacio and indigenous intellectual movements introducing concepts like "kapwa" and "bayan" related to Filipino nationalism.