Historical Development on Philippine American Literature 21st century Literature Philippine & the World K to 12 Program

1. Philippine American Literature
Josefino T. Larena ,CPS,CPE,MPA

2. Learning OBJECTIVE
• To know the influence of the American in
literature
• To know Famous Filipino writes in this period
• The form of Literature
• The History of Philippine American Literature

3. Historical Background
• Philippine Independence
• Philippine – American conflicts
• 1900s – peace movements

4. Literature
• Desire for freedom
• Love of country
• Fight against colonialism and imperialism

5. Literature
• characterized by:
• Nationalism
• freedom of speech
• experience
• search for and use of a
new medium

6. American Influences
• schools
• new education system
• cleanliness and hygiene
• English language
• politics
• freedom of speech

7. Academic Influences

8. Newspaper
• El Grito del Pueblo – Pascual Poblete - 1900
• El Nuevo Dia – Sergio Osmena - 1900
• El Renacimiento – Rafael Palma - 1900
• Manila Daily Bulletin - 1900

9. Three Groups of Writers
• Spanish
• English
• Filipino

10. Three Group of Writers
• The writers in Spanish were accustomed to
write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and
other heroes.
• Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus
Balmori, Manuel Bernabe and Claro M. Recto

11. Cecelio Apostol
• masterpiece - A
Rizal his poems
were used to
teach the
Spanish
language (RA
1881) pen name
- Catulo

12. Fernando Maria Guerrero
• >masterpiece -
Crisalidas
• Prince of Filipino lyric
poets in Spanish
favourite theme –
eternal sadness of
things

13. Claro M. Recto
• Bajos Los Cocoteros
• Father of Philippine
Constitution
• Author of the Rizal Law
R.A. 1425

14. Jesus Balmori
• Mi Casa de Nipa, Mi
Choza de Nipa
• pen name - Batikuling
• Premio Zobel award for
his contributions to
Philippine Literature
• Poet Laureate in
Spanish

15. Manuel Bernabe
• translated Omar
Khayyam’s Rubaiyat in
Spanish
• King of Balagtasan in
Spanish

16. Three Groups of Writers
• The writers in Tagalog continued in their
lamentations on the conditions of the country
and their attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue

17. Three Groups of Writers
• Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso)
• Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Carlos
Gatmaitan, Pedro Deogracias del Rosario,
Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez,
Nemecio Carabana, and Mar Antonio

18. Vicente C. Aquino
• VICENTE C. Aquino of
San Narciso in
Zambales, father of
iconic Philippine poet:
SAWI Aquino. The
father's oration " IN
BEHALF of CHINA"
won first place in 1927
College Oratorical
Contest in Silliman
University.

19. Three Groups of Writes Poets of the
Stage
• Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
• Lope K Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus,
Florentino Collantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos
Gatmaitan, and Amado V. Hernandez.
• Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan)
Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino
Reyes, and Tomas Remigio

20. Lope K .Santos
• a novelist, poet, labor leader,
governor, senator, and the Father of
the Philippine National Language
and Grammar was born in Pasig. He
finished his Bachelor of Arts degree
in 1912 at the Escuela Derecho de
Manila (now the Manila Law College
Foundation). He wrote "Balarila ng
Wikang Pambansa" which became
the basis for the grammar of the
Filipino language while his "Banaag
at Sikat", the first Tagalog
sociological novel, earned him the
title “Pillar of Philippine Literature.”

21. Amado V. Hernandez
• masterpiece - Luha ng
Buwaya, Ang Panday
Isang Dipang Langit
• First King of Balagtasan
• A Pillar in Tagalog
Literature
• National Artist in
Literature

22. Jose Corazon de Jesus
• Masterpiece – Ang Isang
Punongkahoy (a Tree)
• Bayan Ko
• Huseng Batute
• The Legendary Lyric Poet
• King of Balagtasan

23. Aurelino Tolentino
• Kapampangan Writer
• Aurelio Tolentino (October 13, 1867 – July 5,
1915) is considered one of the greatest
writers in the annals of Tagalog literature.
• A member of the revolutionary organization
Katipunan who worked alongside Andres
Bonifacio, Aurelio Tolentino was imprisoned
by the Spaniards for his activities. He was
one of the signatories of the Declaration of
Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on
June 12, 1898.
It was after the Philippine revolution that
Tolentino concentrated on writing. He wrote
plays and novels not only in Spanish and
Tagalog, but also in Kapampangan, as he was
a native speaker born in Guagua, Pampanga.

24. Severino Reyes
• Severino Reyes was a
Filipino writer,
playwright, and director
of plays. He used the pen
name Lola Basyang. He
was nicknamed "Don
Binoy". Reyes is known as
the "Father of Tagalog
Plays" and as the "Father
of the Tagalog Zarzuela"

25. Three Groups of Writes
• The writers in English imitated the themes and
methods of the Americans.
• The Period of Re-orientation: 1898-1910
• The Period of Imitation: 1910-1925
• The Period of Self-Discovery: 1925-1941

26. The Period of Reorientation
• 1900 – English – medium of instruction in the
public schools
• El Renacimiento – Rafael Palma – 1901
• Philippines Free Press – 1905
• Sursum Corda – Justo Juliano – 1907 – first
work published in English
• My Mother and Air Castles – Juan F. Salazar
1909

27. The Period of Imitation
• 1919 – UP College Folio
• 1920 – Bulletin, Philippine Herald
• 1924 – The Philippine Review, the
Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens,
and the Philippine Education Magazine.

28. The Period of Self -Discovery
• Writers had acquired the mastery of English
writing; confident and competent

29. Essays
• scholarly and characterized by sobriety,
substance and structure
• serious essay, especially the editorial type
Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro
Mendez, and Vicente Hilario

30. Essays
• Political, social reflective essays (through
newspaper columns)
• Critical essays
• Personal or Familiar essays

31. Informal Essays
• works are spiced with
humor, wit, and satire
Ignacio Manlapaz,
Godefredo Rivera,
Federico Mangahas,
Francisco B. Icasiano,
Salvador P. Lopez, Jose
Lansang and Amando G.
Dayrit

32. Short Stories
• Short Stories
• Imitation of foreign
models
• Ignacio Manlapaz,
Godefredo Rivera,
Federico Mangahas,
Francisco B. Icasiano,
Salvador P. Lopez, Jose
Lansang and Amando G.
Dayrit

33. Francisco Benitez
• Francisco F. Benitez (June 4, 1887-June 30, 1951) was an
outstanding educator, author, editor, and the first dean of
the School of Education of the University of the
Philippines (UP). He studied at thePhilippine Normal
College in 1904 and became one of the
first pensionados sent to the United States in 1905. He
attended the Western Illinois State Normal College in 1908.
Benitez obtained a Bachelor of Science in Education (1910)
and a Master of Arts (1914) from Columbia University. He
received a Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) from
the University of Manila in 1929 and a Doctor of Education
(honoris causa) from the National University in 1951.
• became the director of the Office of Private Education and
Secretary of Public Instructions in 1946. Some of his
published works include the Educatinal Progress in the
Philippines and Studies of Great Filipinos. Benitez was the
recipient of the "Teacher of Teachers Award" from
President Elpidio Quirino in 1948 and the Teacher of the
Year Award from the UP College of Education Alumni in
1950.

34. Zoilo Galang
• Zoilo Galang is the
Filipino author of the
first Philippine novel
written in the English
language, A Child of
Sorrow, published in
1921

35. Carlos P. Romulo
• Carlos Peña Romulo, QSC PLH (14
January 1899 – 15 December
1985) was a Filipino diplomat,
statesman, soldier, journalist and
author. He was a reporter at 16, a
newspaper editor by the age of
20, and a publisher at 32. He was
a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of
the Philippines, a general in the
US Army and the Philippine Army,
university president, President of
the UN General Assembly, was
eventually named one of the
Philippines' National Artists in
Literature

36. Jose Garcia Villa
• Filipino poet, literary
critic, short story writer,
and painter. He was
awarded the National
Artist of the Philippines
title for literature in
1973

37. Rafael Zulueta de Costa
• he Filipino writing in English was
somewhat formal and imitative from
the Spanish literature brought in during
the Spanish rule in the country.
Grammatical expressions and terms
used were awkward and unpolished.
Filipino writers found difficulties in the
use of prepositions and pronouns, thus
the quality of their works were quite
poor.
• However, after several years of painful
endeavor of the Filipino writes and the
establishment of publication,
newspapers and magazines, brought
about distinguishing improvement in
their works. Filipinos received much
encouragement and more influential
group of writers were found

38. Salvador P. Lopez
Filipino writer, journalist, educator,
diplomat and statesman.
He studied at the University of the
Philippines and obtained a Bachelor of
Arts degree in English in 1931 and a
Master of Arts degree in Philosophy in
1933. At UP, he was drama critic for
the Philippine Collegian and member
of Upsilon Sigma Phi. From 1933 to
1936, Lopez taught literature and
journalism at the University of Manila.
He also became a daily columnist and
magazine editor of the Philippine
Herald until World War II.

39. Vidal A. Tan
• Tan was born to Gonzalo Tan
and Clemencia Santeco on
April 28, 1893
in Bacolor, Pampanga. One of
the first students of UP,
having enrolled in June 1910,
he graduated in 1913 with a
degree in liberal arts. Tan
later went to Cornell
University as a government
pensionado to finish his civil
engineering degree and at
the same time a Master of
Arts degree.

40. Wilfrido Maria Guerrero
• Filipino playwright, director, teacher and
theater artist. Guerrero wrote well over
100 plays, 41 of which have been
published. His unpublished plays have
either been broadcast over the radio or
staged in various parts of the Philippines.
• His plays can be found in various
anthologies: 13 Plays (first published in
1947), 8 Other Plays (1952), 7 More
Plays (1962), 12 New Plays (1975), My
Favorite 11 Plays (1976), 4 Latest
Plays (1980), and Retribution and eight
other selected plays (1990). Guerrero also
published a family memoir, The Guerreros
of Ermita (1988).
• Guerrero taught and trained many
notable figures in the Philippine
Performing Arts: Behn Cervantes, Celia
Diaz-Laurel, Joy Virata, and Joonee
Gamboa

41. Manuel E. Arguilla
• Ilokano writer in English, patriot,
and martyr.
• He is known for his widely
anthologized short story "How
My Brother Leon Brought Home
a Wife," the main story in the
collection How My Brother Leon
Brought Home a Wife and Other
Short Stories, which won first
prize in the Commonwealth
Literary Contest in 1940.
• His stories "Midsummer" and
"Heat" were published in Tondo,
Manila by the Prairie Schooner.

42. Nick Joaquin
• Nicomedes Márquez
Joaquín (May 4, 1917 – April 29,
2004) was a Filipino writer,
historian and journalist, best
known for hisshort
stories and novels in the English
language. He also wrote using the
pen name Quijano de Manila.
Joaquín was conferred the rank
and title of National Artist of the
Philippines for Literature.
• He was considered by Dwen Iz
real one of the most important
Filipino writers in English, and the
third most important overall,
after José Rizal and Claro M.
Recto.

43. Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
• Carmen Guerrero
Nakpil (born July 19,
1922) is
a Filipino journalist,
author, historian and
public servant. She was
born in Ermita, Manila,
into the Guerrero clan of
that town, who were
painters and poets, as
well as scientists and
doctors.

44. NV Gonzales
• Néstor Vicente Madali
González (September
8, 1915 – November
28, 1999) was a
Filipino novelist, short
story writer, essayist
and poet. Conferred as
the National Artist of
the Philippines for
Literature in 1997.

45. Vicente Sotto
• In 1915, Sotto returned to Manila and begun work
on a weekly journal he named The Independent. He
issued a special edition of this journal in Paris in
1929. The news item prompted an American senator
to introduce a resolution in the United States Senate
to grant immediate independence to the Philippines.
-- Sotto is regarded as the Father of Cebuano
Language and Letters.
-- Sotto's play "Paghigugma sa Yutang Natawhan"
(Love of Native Land), dramatized the Cebuano
people's heroic struggle against Spanish feudal rule
in the modern realist mode.
-- He also wrote the first published Cebuano short
story ("Maming", in the maiden issue of Ang Suga).
-- He wrote, directed, and produced the first
Cebuano play, Elena, a play in three acts. It was first
performed at the Teatro Junquera on May 18, 1902.
The play established Sotto's reputation as a
playwright.

46. Vicente Rama
• Ang Tinagoan ("The
Secret") by Vicente
Rama in 1933-1934

47. Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni
• Magdalena Gonzaga
Jalandoni (May 27, 1891 in
Jaro, Iloilo – September 14,
1978 in Jaro) was a Filipino
feminist writer. She is now
remembered as one of the
most prolific Filipino writers
in the Hiligaynon language.
Hailing from Western
Visayas, her works are said to
have left permanent and
significant milestones in
Philippine literature.

49. Thank you so much