2. Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of
baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official
document of baabtra –Mentoring Partner
Baabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt .
Ltd

4. DATABASES
AND
TYPES OF DATABASES AVAILABLE IN
THE MARKET
Jaseena A P
jsnp65@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/Jaseena
Muhammed A P
twitter.com/username
in.linkedin.com/in/profilena
me
9539443588

5. DRAWBACKS OF USING FILESYSTEM
Data redundancy and inconsistency
Multiple file formats, duplication of information in
different files
Difficulty in accessing data
Need to write a new program to carry out each new
task
Data isolation — multiple files and formats
Integrity problems

6. DRAWBACKS OF USING FILESYSTEM
Atomicity of updates
• Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state
with partial updates carried out
o E.g. transfer of funds from one account to another
should either complete or not happen at all
Concurrent access by multiple users
• Concurrent access needed for performance
• Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to
inconsistencies
E.g. two people reading a balance and updating it at
the same time
Security problems

7. What is a database?
 It’s an organized collection of data.
 A database management system (DBMS) such as Oracle or SQL Server
which provides us with the software tools we need to organize that
data in a flexible manner. It includes tools to add, modify or delete
data from the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data
stored in the database and produce reports summarizing selected
contents.

8. What is a database?
•A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called
the mini-world or the Universe of Discourse (UoD).
•A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherit
meaning.
A random assortment of data cannot correctly be referred to as a
database.
•A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific
purpose. It has an intended group of users and some preconceived
applications in which these users are interested

9. Data vs. information:
What is the difference?
 What is data?
Data can be defined
in many ways.
Information science
defines data as
unprocessed
information.
 What is information?
• Information is data that have been
organized and communicated in a
coherent and meaningful manner.
• Data is converted into
information, and information is
converted into knowledge.
• Knowledge; information evaluated
and organized so that it can be
used purposefully.

10. What is DBMS?
 A very large, integrated collection of data.
 Models real-world Entities (e.g., students, courses,Teacher)
Relationships (e.g., Teena teaching Alex)
 A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package
designed to store and manage databases.

11. What is DBMS?
Collection of interrelated data
Set of programs to access the data
DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise
DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and
efficient to use.
Database Applications:
•Banking: all transactions
•Airlines: reservations, schedules
•Universities: registration, grades

12. TYPES OF DBMS
1. RDBMS
2. OODBMS
3. Network DBMS
4. Hierarchical DBMS

13.  Object oriented database management systems (OODBMSs) combine
database capabilities with object-oriented programming language
capabilities.
 OODBMSs allow object-oriented programmers to develop the
product, store them as objects, and replicate or modify existing
objects to make new objects within the OODBMS.
 Because the database is integrated with the programming language,
the programmer can maintain consistency within one environment, in
that both the OODBMS and the programming language will use the
same model of representation. Relational DBMS projects, by way of
contrast, maintain a clearer division between the database model and
the application.
OODBMS

14. OODBMS

15. Hierarchical dbms
 The hierarchical data model organizes data in a tree structure.
There is a hierarchy of parent and child data segments. This structure
implies that a record can have repeating information, generally in the
child data segments.
 Data in a series of records, which have a set of field values attached
to it. It collects all the instances of a specific record together as a
record type.
 These record types are the equivalent of tables in the relational
model, and with the individual records being the equivalent of rows.
To create links between these record types, the hierarchical model
uses Parent Child Relationships.

16. Hierarchical dbms
 For example, an organization might store information about an
employee, such as name, employee number, department, salary. The
organization might also store information about an employee's children,
such as name and date of birth. The employee and children data forms a
hierarchy, where the employee data represents the parent segment and the
children data represents the child segment. If an employee has three
children, then there would be three child segments associated with one
employee segment.
 In a hierarchical database the parent-child relationship is one to many.
This restricts a child segment to having only one parent segment.

17. Hierarchical dbms

18. Network DBMS
 The popularity of the network data model coincided with the
popularity of the hierarchical data model. Some data were more
naturally modeled with more than one parent per child. So, the
network model permitted the modeling of many-to-many
relationships in data

19. Network DBMS

20. THANK YOU

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