- WKHIC, WAKHYU, XIC, SAKA, THE LANGUAGE SPEAKES IN FOUR COUNTRIES AS A NATIVE, PAKISTAN-(GOJAL, 27 VILLAGESYASIN, ASHKOMAN, BROGHIL), CHINA, (PEER ALI, TASHGHURGHAN, VECHE,YARGHANDH, BOZKAM, TAGHARME, HUQSU), AFGHANISTAN WAKHAN 18 VILLAGES, TAJIKISTAN WAKHAN 17 VILLAGES
3. History
The Irani language people were the inhabitants of the upstream of
Oxus and Jaxartes river. It is from here that the Aryan tribes spread
towards south and west . (B.iskandarov,History of Pamirs,
Khoroq,Meros,1996)
In the 14th century BC these groups entered Iran and
became local resident
In the middle of 19th century the German scientist, geographist, K. Ritter
expressed his opinion about the emergence of Aryans, Relying upon the text of
“Avesto” that Arians lived in a mountain areas located at the upstream of the
Oxus and Jaxartes rivers, suggested that this mountain areas are Pamir.
Hinduskash and western Tibet and they are the first localities where Aryans lived.
The British Scientist M. Miller in the end of 19th century supported
the opinion of K. Ritter that the homeland of Aryan s is Pamir.
According to the scientist in the fifteen century BC Aryans divided
into groups and while some moved from into groups and while
some moved from Pamirs to India, the rest moved to Europe
4. Cont..
• In 2008 Scientific expedition of the Bulgaria Academy of Sciences and the
National University of Sofia conducted a research and came to a conclusion
that the Sakkoys are the direct descendent of the population of the end of
Bronze Age who had lived in the mountains of Kyrgyz republic, Tajikistan and
Kazakhstan.
• In 6th century BC the Sakkoy entered and spread into the upstream areas of
Oxus, West of china and northern India and choose these places as a
permanent for living.
• The Russian Scientist A.N. Bernshtam , who has accomplished much work in
the archeology of Pamirs, concludes that Pamirs is the homeland of the
Sakkoys tribes
5. Wakhanis
• Linguist Interpret the meaning of
Ishkoshim as Sakoshin, the place of
Sakkoys
• Before sakkoys local mountain tribes
lived in the wakhhan who accupied
the middle position among the
people of Causasus and Mozandaran
of Iran on the one hand , and the
Tibet like tribes of Himalayas from
their geographic position and
language.
• The language and religious faith
mixed with language of Indo –
European who became resident in
Pamir.
• The famous Russian scientist N.A.
Arristov admit that Wakhanis should
be the descendent of the Irani race.
6. Cont..
• Linguists have proved that the Pamiri language , particularly that of Wakhani and
its people belong to the northeastern people who lived in Iran
• The morphology and Phonetics of Pamiri language witnesses that they are
individual dialects, not originating from one another.
• Due to interaction some languages have partially mixed, due to which similar
words in them.
• Scientists have concluded that among the Pamiri languages Wakhani language has
similarity to the language of Sakkoys.
• The Shugnani and Yazgulami and the dead language of Wanji have come from one
root. The period of spreading of the owners of these language matches the first
Millenium BC (History of Gorno-Badkhshan Autonomus Oblast, 2006, p. 122)
7. Introduction of Xik Zik (Wakhi)
• The word itself, Wakhi, is
derived from the word
Wakhan, which means the
inhabitants of Wakhan.
• This is because Wakhi
originated in Wakhan
Badakhshan and Central Asia,
but as its inhabitants
migrated to upper parts of
Hunza- Gojal, some parts of
Ghizer district and Broghal
valley of Chitral.
8. Wakhi Community Across the Globe
• Wakhi communities are found across the boarder of Afghanistan ,
Wakhan and China
• Sarikoli are found across the boarder in Tushkurgan, Xingiang,
China.
• Pamiri Languages are found in some parts of the East Pamiri
Mugrab districts of MBAP, in Dushanbe Tajikistan, Badakhsahan
Province of Afghanistan, northern areas of Pakistan and Tashkurgan
China.
11. Wakhi Language
• The Wakhi language is considered to he part of an ancient
Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch of
language family, although it has been influenced by other
languages.
• Examples of words used in other languages are - In English leg
(leng) arms (Urm); Persian. Zanakh, Gosh (gesh), Sar and dast,
15. Orthography
• Wakhi was not a written language.
• Writing system have been developed for the
language using,
• Arabic script,
• Cyrillic and
• A modified Roman alphabet.
18. Variants and dialects
• Gojal
• Ishkoman
• Yasin
• Central Wakhi
• Yarkhun
• Eastern Wakhi
• Western Wakhi
19. Contribution toward its preservation
• The Wakhi language has not been written and read amongst
traditional Wakhi speakers, who have been illiterate.
• However, recently effort is being made to introduce and familiarize
the young generation of Wakhi speakers with its formation and
usage. One such person to make this effort is D.L.R. Lorimar,
• the first English Linguist to produce a Wakhi vocabulary book
written in Roman Script, based upon occlusive research on the
Wakhi language.
20. Cont..
• Further, Dr. George Budguss Professor of Oriental Languages from
Maine University in the Federal Republic of Germany, took the
initiative to produce an improved version of a vocabulary book on
Wakhi, The profound work has enlightened many Wakhi young
speakers and has given them an incentive to not only acquaint
themselves with the Wakhi language, but to develop a closeness
with the people of this race.
21. Renowed Wakhi Poet from Gojal
• Ali Quraban, Gojal Passu
• Nazir Ahmed BulBul, Gojal Gulmit
• Ahmed Aziz, Gojal Gulmit
• Fazal Amin, Gojal Gulmit
• Sunowar, Gojal Chi pursaan
• Saif uddin Saif, Gojal Ghulkin
• Faiz Raheem, Gojal Moorkhoun
• Aman ullah Nacheez, Gojal Ghulkin
• Raza Baig, Gojal Gulmit
• Ijaz Karim, Gojal Gulmit
• Shahid Mirza Gojal Moorkhoun
• Akhun Bai, Gojal Hussainee, Sesonee
• ZakirRumi, Gojal Jamalabad
