PHARMACY

1. TOPIC 9
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY
HC1023 INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE
CERTIFICATES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
MDM SITI BAINUN BINTI MOHD DALI

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
• Identify the definition of pharmacy, pharmacist, and assistant
pharmacist
• Describe the job scope of a pharmacist
• List careers for pharmacists
• Explains the code of ethics, and the good dispensing practice.

3. DEFINITION OF PHARMACY
• Pharmacy derived from the Greek word Pharmakon
means medicine or drug
• Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing,
dispensing and proper utilization of medications and
the provisions of drug-related information to the
public

4. PHARMACIST
• A pharmacist is one who educated and licensed to prepare and
dispense drugs and to provide drug and related information to the
public.
• Pharmacy assistants help pharmacists to order, prepare and dispense
medicines.

5. TERMINOLOGY
• MEDICINE: any drug which has a definite form and dose
and are therapeutically used for the treatment of diseases
of living subjects.
• DRUG: any substance that acts on living body to alter the
physiological process and are used for prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
• The material maybe:
1. Natural in origin
2. Synthetic drugs like aspirin
3. Semi synthetic like ampicillins.

6. SCOPE OF PHARMACY
It involves:
• Interpretation of prescription orders
• Compounding
• Labelling
• Dispensing of drugs and devices
• Drug product selection and drug utilization reviews
• Patient monitoring and interventions
• Provision of information of medications and devices

7. NAMING OF A DRUG
• Chemical name: the name indicating the chemical
structure of the drug.
• Generic name: the name given to the compound
during early investigation.
• Official name: the name given to the drug in the
pharmacopoeia.
• Brand name: trade name of the drug in the market.

8. HOW DO WE NAME DRUGS?
• Chemical name: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
• Official name: B.P 1998: paracetamol
• USP XXII: acetaminophen
• Brand name (Trade name):
• Abimol (Glaxo), paramol (Misr)
• Pyral (Kahira), Cetal (Eipico)

9. PRESCRIPTION
• A prescription is an written order from a physician, dentist or
veterinary surgeon for the supply of a medicine, dressing or
surgical appliance to a patient. It contain the following
information:
1. Patient name, age and address, date of issue and date of
expire of the prescription and number of refill authorized.
2. The name and quantity of medicine to be supplied.
An official name, preparation together with quantity name
A proprietary product, together with quantity required.

10. 3. Instruction for the patient
The method of administration or application
The dose. If preparation is for internal use
The time of administration or application
The diluents if needed or means of application
The part of the body to which preparation

11. PHARMACIST CAREER
1. Community pharmacist
2. Hospital pharmacist
3. Clinical pharmacist
4. Industrial pharmacist
5. Medical representative pharmacist
6. Academic (research) pharmacist
Ensure drug quality: good manufacture practice (GMP) validation and
quality assurance
The production: of all human dosage forms cosmetics, vaccines, blood
products, blood replacements, certain pesticides and veterinary drugs

12. JOB DESCRIPTION
• Dispense description medications to patients
• Offer expertise in the safe use of prescriptions
• Provide advice on how to lead a healthy lifestyle, conduct health and
wellness screenings
• Provide immunizations
• Oversee the medications given to a patients

13. CODE OF ETHICS
• Pharmacist are health professional who assist
individuals in making the best use of medications.
• This code states the principle fundamental roles, and
responsibilities of pharmacist

14. CODES OF ETHICS
1. Pharmacist respect relationship between the patient and
pharmacist and this occurs by:
• Pharmacist has to maintain knowledge
• Pharmacist asks for the consultation of colleagues
2. Pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a confidential
manner by considering:
• Needs state by the patient
• Needs defined by health science

15. CODES OF ETHICS
3. Pharmacist respect autonomy and dignity of each patient:
• Autonomy: pharmacist promotes the right of self determination by
encouraging patient to participate in decision about their health
• Dignity: in all cases. Pharmacist respect personal and cultural
differences among patients.

16. GOOD DIPENSING PRACTICES
1. Proper labelling. Labelling should have:
Name, address and contact number of hospital/clinic/pharmacy
Patient’s name
Name of medicines (generic and/or trade names)
Dosage form with strength and quantity per unit dosage form: mg/mL pf
liquid, mg/g for semi-solid preparations
Directions for use: dose, frequency and duration (if necessary)
Date of supply
Expiry date (especially if dispensed medicine is not in its original packaging)
“controlled medicine” or “Ubat Terkawal” should be labelled for all controlled
medicines

17. GOOD DIPENSING PRACTICES
1. Proper labelling. Labelling should have:
Medicines for external use should be dispensed in suitable containers and
should be labelled conspicuously with the words “Not to be taken” or “For
external use only” in Bahasa Malaysia and/or English printer in a red OR on a
red background
Special precautionary labels should be used where necessary (eg “complete
the course” for antibiotics, “May cause drowsiness” for sedating drugs,etc)

18. GOOD DIPENSING PRACTICES
2. Proper storage:
Use amber glass bottles for light sensitive drugs
Use refrigerator for heat sensitive drugs
Use air tight container for oxygen sensitive drugs
Use absorbents for hydrolysable drugs

19. GOOD DIPENSING
PROCESS
• Persons A or B refers to different
personnel doing the task to
minimize any possible error.

20. GOOD DISPENSING ENVIRONMENT
• Dispensing environment must be clean, because most medicinal
products are for internal use, making it important that they be
hygienic and uncontaminated.
• The environment may also be organized so that dispensing can be
performed accurately and efficiently.
• The dispensing environment include:
• Staff
• Physical surroundings
• Shelving and storage areas
• Surfaces used during work
• Equipment and packaging materials

21. GOOD DISPENSING PERSON
• The dispenser must be organized, knowledgeable, trained, honest and
communicative

22. THANK YOU!