The document provides a history of Indian cinema from its earliest beginnings in the late 19th century through the 1950s. It notes that Indian cinema is divided into 11 regional language industries. It describes Dadasaheb Phalke as the father of Indian cinema for laying the foundations of the industry. The 1930s saw the rise of musicals and the development of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras as major film centers. The 1940s-1950s saw the emergence of playback singing and the growing prominence of South Indian cinema across India. Several pioneering filmmakers and prominent production companies from different regions are also highlighted from this early period.