Water Chapter 1 Fetter - Applied Hydrogeology

1. Chapter 1
Water
Prepared By Baker Younis

2. above and below surface of Liquid water in
oceans and continents.
Ice in polar regions and at high elevations.
Water Vapor in the atmosphere.
1.3 Billion cubic kilometers of water on Earth
97.5% is saltwater
2.5% is freshwater

3. Hydrologic Cycle , Hydrologic Budget
• Definition Of Hydrology : We Mean The Water
Surface & the movement of the Water on the
Earth
• Definition Of Hydrogeology : We Mean &
Discrip The ground water , Study of the
interrelationships of geologic materials and
processes with water

4. The Hydrologic Cycle
Describes how water moves in
surface and near-surface
environments

6. Processes in the hydrologic cycle:
1) Evaporation
2) Transpiration: needs plants
3) condensation
4) Rainfall / Precipitation
5) Runoff

7. Runoff
Overland flow
Runoff
Base flow/ Storm flow
Interflow/underflow

8. Energy Transformation
It Depends on Solar Radiation

9. The Hydrologic Equation
The general equation: Is essentially a problem of
conservation of mass:
Inflow = outflow +/- storage OR: Inflow - Outflow = change in
storage
Inflow = precipitation, surface inflow, loss from a
body of surface water, subsurface
inflow, overland flow, groundwater discharge
into a body of surface water.

10. The Hydrologic Equation
Outflow = evaporation, transpiration, surface
outflow, soil evaporation, loss of water through
a stream bed, loss of water to a body of surface
water, loss to vegetation, percolation to the
water table, pumpage, removal to a water
supply

11. Change in storage
Change in storage = increase or decrease in
subsurface storage, increase or decrease in
surface storage.
P=R+T+E+U
where: P = precipitation R = runoff
T = transpiration E = evaporation
U = underflow

12. What Do Hydrogeologist Do?
A hydrologist is a scientist who researches the
distribution, circulation and physical properties
of underground and surface waters. He or she
may help environmental scientists and other
scientists preserve and clean up the
environment or may search for groundwater.

13. Sources Of Hydrogeologic Information
USGS : United States Geological Survey
EPA : Environmental protection
Agency
NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric
Administration