This presentation was provided by Kaveh Bazargan of River Valley Technologies, during the NISO Hot Topic Virtual Conference "Building Access, Openness, and Sharing." The event was held on Wednesday, September 28, 2022.

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Opening science
Kaveh Bazargan
28 September 2022

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Over 30 years in publishing
• UK and India (Kerala)
• Average service of sta
ff
: 16 years – more like family!
• Content creation (XML, PDF, etc)
• End to end platforms for publishers
• Submission & peer review
• Proof checking
• Hosting

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Our clients

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Pressure to open science
• UNESCO:
Recommendation on Open Science
November 2021
• White House OSTP:
Free, Immediate, and Equitable Access to Federally Funded Research
August 2022 (follows 2013 Obama memorandum)
• Much overlap
• Some points unclear

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Implications
• Financial
• APCs
• Read & Publish
• Subscribe to Open, etc
• Technical

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Some catchwords

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Immediate Open Access
• Open Access to content (article, chapter, conference papers etc)
• Open peer review (?)
• Archive in open repositories:
• PMC, Crossref, DOAJ

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Data and metadata
• Open data
• FAIR principles – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable
• Extensive metadata
• Open source software
• Text and data mining

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Machine readable
• Full structured XML
• PIDs (Persistent IDs)
• ORCID
• ROR (Research Organization Registry)
• Crossref Grant ID – coming soon from Crossref

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Transparency
• All content scrutinized by any 3rd party
• e.g. allay climate change sceptics
• Data availability statement, in machine readable form

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Equity
• Low barrier to publish and to access content
• Engage ERCs and non-scientists
• Marginalized communities and the underserved
• People with disabilities
• Remove language barriers

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Engagement and interactivity
• 3rd party integrations
• e.g. interactive 3D
• Allow data manipulation
• Citizen science
• Crowdsourcing data

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How to comply?

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Spoiler…
• Publish the full XML (e.g. JATS for articles)
• Use modern software to host content
• Integrate with open 3rd party software – don’t reinvent!

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• “XML-
fi
rst” work
fl
ow
• HTML is a view of the content
• PDF is a view of the content
• XML is the content

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• There is only one David
• But we can copy XML
• So always publish the XML

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The power of XML-
fi
rst

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One XML – Many PDFs

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Better PDFs than InDesign!

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Some examples of conforming

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Open peer review

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Text and data mining

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Inclusivity

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Multiple languages

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Content

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Interface

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Crowdsource translations

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People with disabilities

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XML for 3rd parties

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Dyslexic view

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Interactivity

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Interactive 3D

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3D printing

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Executable Research Article

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NMR data

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Citizen science

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GBIF—Global Biodiversity Information Facility

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Sand
fl
y diseases in indigenous people in Brazil

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Mosquito alert

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How to open science
• Full, structured XML must be published
• Use XML-
fi
rst technology
• Integrate with 3rd parties – don’t reinvent
• Consider non-specialists, underserved, marginalised communities
• Allow users to interact
kaveh@rivervalley.io