"Standards issues related to moving content off the page - Problems of distinguishing this thing from that" presentation during GOPORTIS13 conference in Hanover, Germany

1. Standards issues related to
moving content
off the page
Problems of distinguishing this
thing from that
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director, NISO
Goportis Conference on Non-Textual Information
March 18, 2013
Monday, March 18, 13

2. About
• A US-baed non-profit industry trade association
accredited by ANSI with 150+ members
• Mission of developing and maintaining technical standards
related to information, documentation, discovery and
distribution of published materials and media
• Volunteer driven organization: 400+ spread out across
the world
• Represent US interests to ISO TC 46 & subcommittees
Also serve as Secretariat for ISO TC46/SC9 -
Identification & Description
• Responsible for standards like ISSN, DOI, Dublin Core
metadata, DAISY digital talking books, OpenURL, MARC
records format, and ISBN
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3. Standards are familiar, even if you don’t notice
Image: DanTaylor Image: : Joel Washing
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4. Key Concepts in
Standardization
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5. The Referent
The thing
being
identified
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6. The Identifier
The string
identifying
the referent
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7. The Metadata
The data
that
describes
the referent
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8. An ID & its metadata
• Identifiers can be but are not necessarily
names (often better if they aren’t)
• IDs can be but need not be human-
readable. They also may or may not be
human understandable.
• Not every attribute need be described
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9. Functional Granularity
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10. Functional Granularity
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11. Functional Granularity
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12. Functional Granularity
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13. Functional Granularity
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14. Functional Granularity
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15. Functional Granularity
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16. Functional Granularity
You identify and describe
an item at the level
at which it makes sense
for your business needs
to identify that item
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17. A lesson in functional granularity
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18. Managing metadata well
is expensive
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19. Managing metadata
poorly
is more
expensive
(in ways you can’t measure)
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20. Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
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21. <indecs> model
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22. <indecs>
descrip?on
model
September
6,
2012 GOPOERTIS
Non-­‐textual
informa?on
-­‐
Carpenter 16
Monday, March 18, 13

23. Making the
Theoretical
Practical
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24. Online Journal Article
Supplemental Materials
NISO/NFAIS
Recommended Practice
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25. Supplemental Materials
are nothing new
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26. Truly
nothing
new,
indeed
• An
earlier
example
of
supplemental
materials
from
the
Royal
Society
of
Chemistry
• A
template
for
a
physical
device
was
included
as
supplemental
material
1843.
• Plates
1-­‐6
of
that
ar?cle
were
not
paginated;
the
reader
would
cut
out
the
template
on
each
page,
and
connect
them
to
create
a
working
light
polariza?on
device
September
6,
2012 GOPOERTIS
Non-­‐textual
informa?on
-­‐
Carpenter 20
Monday, March 18, 13

27. How pressing is this problem?
This image is courtesy of Ken Beauchamp, American Society for Clinical Investigation
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28. Goal is to focus on the
publication structures necessary
for communicating supplemental
materials as part of the
publications process
NOT addressing all data
questions
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29. The core questions:
What is critical to understanding?
What is supplemental to understanding?
What is ancillary to understanding?
The form of the content, i.e., text,
video, audio, data, applications, is NOT
the key to whether something is
supplemental
Monday, March 18, 13

30. Integral Content
Supplemental Material that is essential
for the full understanding of the work by
the general scientist or reader in the
journal’s discipline, but is placed outside
the article for technical, business, or
logistical reasons.
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31. Additional Content
Supplemental Material that provides additional,
relevant, and useful expansion of the article in
the form of text, tables, figures, multimedia, or
data, and that may aid any reader to achieve
work through added detail and context.
Additional Content will expand the reader’s
understanding of the subject area, but is not
essential to the understanding of the article.
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32. Related Content
Is a separate entity and is referenced
within the text in similar fashion to
other cited references.
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33. Types of Supplemental
Materials
Importance Integral content Additional content
(function)
Pseudo supplemental – essential Truly supplemental – relevant
but treated as if it were supplemental and useful but optional
Curated by
Publisher • Multimedia • Multimedia
• Chemical structures • Chemical structures
• Crystallographic structures • Crystallographic structures
• Datasets (smaller) • Datasets (smaller)
• Computer algorithms • Computer algorithms
• Appendices
• Materials and methods
Not integrated into the version of record • Experimental procedures
• Extended bibliography
Institutional repository Genetic sequences, Protein structures, Crystallographic structures,
or Datasets (large), etc.
Official data center Related content
Individual Ephemeral – not appropriate for hosting supplemental materials
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34. Determining whether
Supplemental Material
is Integral, Additional or Related
is the purview of the Journal.
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35. Business Practice - Themes
Selecting Content Maintaining Links
Editing Content
Providing Context
Managing & Hosting
Preserving Material
Assuring Discoverability
Rights Management
Referencing Materials
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36. Technical Practice - Themes
Metadata Schema Challenges
•Descriptive Metadata • Granularity
•Physical Metadata • Recurrence
•Packaging/Manifest • Relationships
• Heterogeneity
• Hierarchy
Identifiers & Linking
Overall Issues
• Perceived importance
• Costs
• Business models
Grouping Objects
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37. Who came together to
address this?
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38. Just Published
http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/10055/
RP-15-2013_Supplemental_Materials.pdf
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39. Managing Data
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40. Monday, March 18, 13

41. Monday, March 18, 13

42. One Ring to Rule Them All?
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43. 0000-0002-8320-0491
3188-4093-2114-1074
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44. ISMN
IPI
CSI
DOI
ISSN IPI ISWC
DOI
ISTC ISNI ISRC
ISBN ISAN
VIAF IPDA
ISAN
Linking various media or
confusing the situation?
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45. Issues
for
Iden?fica?on
of
Data
• At
what
level
to
assign
an
iden?fier
(granularity)?
• What
metadata
to
associate
with
the
ID?
• Assign
to
data
or
landing
page?
• How
to
relate
transforma?ons?
• Associated
metadata
to
transforma?ons?
• Extensible
ontology
of
object
types
&
transforms?
• Scien?fic
equivalence
versus
data
equivalence?
September
6,
2012 GOPOERTIS
Non-­‐textual
informa?on
-­‐
Carpenter 39
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46. LSST Telescope Project
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47. Excel to XML, easy enough
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48. Before After
How are these different?
How different are these?
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49. Digital Preservation
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50. Where are we headed
• Team including: RPI, U. Illinois-Urbana-
Champaign, U North Carolina, NASA, NISO
• Goal create a conceptual model to describe data
creation, transformation & entity relationships
• Preparing grant proposal (hopefully spring 2013)
• Potential funding partners: Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, NSF, IMLS
• Round 1 - Two day symposium in 3-4 Q 2013
• Round 2 - Model development project in
2014-15
Monday, March 18, 13

51. Thank you!
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director
tcarpenter@niso.org
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 302
Baltimore, MD 21211 USA
+1 (301) 654-2512
www.niso.org
Monday, March 18, 13