Modern carbonate environments

1. Modern carbonate environments
Dr. Behrooz Esrafili-Dizaji

2. James, 1983
“Carbonate sediments are born, not made.”

3. Formation of CaCO3

4. Controlling factors

5. Carbonates

6. Carbonates
Shallow-water Carbonates Cool-water Carbonates
Deep-water Carbonates

7. Shallow, Tropical Carbonate

8. Pelagic Carbonates

9. Area of Modern Carbonate Deposition

10. Persian Gulf

11. Persian Gulf

12. Maldives Atolls

13. Maldives Atolls

15. Great Barrier Reef

16. Great Barrier Reef

17. Great Barrier Reef

18. Barrier Reef

19. Patch Reef
Heron-Island-Reef

20. Coral Reef

21. Shark Bay

22. Shark Bay

23. Hamelin Pool Stromatolites

24. Bahama Bank

25. Bahama Bank

26. Bahama Bank

27. Great Bahama Bank

28. Little Bahama Bank

29. Cat Cay

30. Andros

31. Caicos platform

32. Florida Platform

33. Florida Platform

34. Belize Platform

35. Platform-Margin barrier reef

36. Blue hole

37. Ideal Carbonate Environment

38. Tidal Flats (Humid, Arid)

39. Arid Tidal Flat
Persian Gulf

40. Stromatolite Peat
Beach Rock
Algal mat
Arid Tidal Flat

43. Arid Tidal Flat

45. Humid Tidal Flat

46. Andros Tidal Flat

47. Andros Tidal Flat

48. Andros Tidal Flat

49. Flat-pebble conglomerate
(mud intraclasts),

51. Puscular algal mat (cyanobacteria)

52. Beach Depositional Environment

53. Beach Depositional Environment

54. Beach Depositional Environment

56. Eolian Dune

57. Eolian Dune

59. Platform Interior (Lagoon)

60. Platform-interior, low-energy, muddy
subtidal environment in Florida Bay.
Dark areas are clumps of sea grass.

61. Platform Interior (Lagoon)

63. Mud Mounds

64. Florida Bay behind the Florida Keys

65. Mud Mounds

66. Mud mound of Pennsylvanian age in Central Texas
Sahara Algeria
Muleshoe Mound

67. Algal Mound

68. Phylloid algal mounds, Pennsylvanian, New Mexico
Algal Mound

69. Algal Mound

70. Algal Mound

71. Sand Shoals

72. Oolitic Shoals

73. Oolitic Shoals

74. Ooid Shoals

75. Ooid Shoals

76. Oolitic Shoals

77. Oolitic Shoals

78. Oolitic Shoals

79. Oolitic Shoals

80. Sand Waves and Shoals

81. Patch Reefs

82. Patch Reefs

83. Platform Margin

84. Coral Reef

85. Coral Reef

86. Controlling factors

88. Devonian Reef Complexes of the Canning Basin
Late Frasnian Reef in Australia
Fossil Reefs

89. Slope

90. Slope

91. Platform to
basin
transition

92. Belize slope

93. Slope facies: breccias and grainstone

94. Atoll

95. Atoll

96. Coral atolls in the Society Islands of the South Pacific

97. Basin

98. Basin

99. Seven Sister Chalk Cliff (Dover)

100. Basin

101. Basin

102. Thanks