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Mechanically activated drug delivery
1. MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED
DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES
SUBMITTED BY:BHARATLAL SAIN
Ist M.Pharm Pharmaceutics
JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,MYSURU
SUBMITTEDTO:Dr.VIKAS JAIN
JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
MYSURU
3. INTRODUCTION
• In this type of activation CDDS the drug reservoir is a solution formulation
retained in a container equipped with a mechanically activated pumping
system.
• A measured dose of drug formulation is reproducibly delivered into a body
cavity.
• The volume of solution delivered is controllable as a small as 10-100µl, and
is independent of the force and duration of activation applied as well as the
solution volume in the container.
5. METERED DOSE INHALERS
• A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of
medication to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine
that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation.
• It is the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases.The
medication in a metered dose inhaler is most commonly a bronchodilator,
corticosteroid or a combination of both for the treatment of asthma and
COPD.
• Other medications less commonly used but also administered by MDI are
mast cell stabilizers, such as cromoglicate or nedocromil.
6.
7. DRY POWDER INHALERS
• DPI is device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of dry
powder.
• Once loaded or actuated, the operator puts the mouthpiece of the inhaler
into the mouth and takes a deep inhalation.
• This inhaler is breath-activated.
• Marketed examples of dry powder inhalers include: Advair
Diskus,Asmanex, Pulmicort flexhaler.
10. SPINHALER
• First manufactured for the delivery of sodium chromoglycate
• Includes drug mixture is prefilled into a hard gelatin capsule and loaded into
the device
• On activation capsule gets pierced and the patient inhales the dose
11. TURBUHALER
• Type of multidose dry powder inhaler
• Reservoir based
• Drug is contained in storage reservoir and can be dispensed into dosing
chamber by simple back and froth action on the base of the unit
• Device delivers carrier free particles of the drugs such as ß agonist
(terbutaline sulfate) and steroid (budesonide)
• Ex-Pulmicort for the delivery of budesonide
12. DISKHALER
• This device have circular disk that contains number of powder charges (4-8)
• Doses are maintained in separate aluminium blister reservoir until just prior
to inspiration
• On activation aluminium blister is pierced and powder charge is dropped
into the dosing chamber and is inhaled
• Ex-Relenza Diskhaler for the release of Zanamivir
13. NEBULIZERS
• The fundamental concept of nebulizer performance is the conversion of the
medication solution into droplets in the respirable range of 1-5 micrometers.
• This machine uses a mixture of processes involving oxygen, compressed air,
and even ultrasonic power to atomize and vaporize liquid medication into
small aerosol droplets, or a mist that can be inhaled directly into the lungs
• Nebulizers do not require patient coordination between inhalation and
actuation, thus they are useful for pediatric, elderly, ventilated, non-
conscious patients, or those who are unable to use pMDIs or DPIs
14. TYPES OF NEBULIZERS
• JET NEBULIZERS
• ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS
Both differ in the force used for the formation of aerosol from the liquid
15. JET NEBULIZERS
• Based onVenturi’s principle
• fluid pressure decreases as its passes through a narrow sectional area.
• In these nebulizers, air stream moves through a small capillary tube at high
velocity creating a low pressure that drives the liquid to be aerosolized up the
capillary tube.
• The high velocity blast of air carrying the droplets will bump into baffles placed in
different numbers and positions depending on the design of the jet nebulizer.
• This results in the breaking of large droplets into smaller droplets that will leave the
nebulizer
16.
17. ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS
• Here sound waves are created due to the vibration of piezoelectric crystals at high
frequency, that break the liquid into small droplets.
• Not completely portable because they still need electric supply for charging.
• Compared to jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers are more expensive and tend to
increase the temperature of the nebulized drug solution; thus they are considered
inappropriate to nebulize thermolabile peptides or DNA.
• They are also less efficient in nebulizing viscous liquids and suspensions than jet
nebulizers, probably because of the reduced force that is used to atomize the liquid
• No air compression and hence nebulization is silent
18.
19. TYPE OF INHALER ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES BRANDS
JET • Less expensive
• Less wastage during
exhalation
• Requires a source of
compressed gas or
oxygen
• Low efficiency
Respigard II
PARI LC PLUS
ULTRASONIC • Do not require source of
driving gas
• Can nebulize large volume
of liquid
• Short delivery time
compared to jet nebulizer
• Large aerozolized
particle size
• High density aerosol
can cause
bronchospasm and
increase the airway
resistance
DuroMed minibreeze
nebulizer
Sonic mist ultrasonic
nebulizer
