slide is about the political institution, types of system etc

1. PRESENTATION
ON POLITICAL
INSTITUTION
(POLITY)
-BHUPENDRA PAUDEL

2. CONTENTS:
Introduction to politics
Types of political system
projected by different scholar
Major political system
Conclusion

3. 1.1 Introduction to Politics
 A political institution is a system of politics and
government.
 Political- economic institutions are standardized ways
of maintaining order in the production and distribution of
goods and services.
Includes political machinery, constitution, political
parties and their manifesto, provision of voting behavior,
periodic election formation of government, pressure
group, good governance and other manifested and
latent political relationships.

4. 1.2 Types of political system by
Aristotle:-
a) Kingship or monarchy where king can be the head of
the state,
b) Tranny (rule by one); Called ‘tanashah system’.
c) Autocracy and Oligarchy (rule by few). Noble class
people rule over there like Rana oligarchy rule for
hundred and four years,
d) Polity or Democracy (rule by many); The most
accepted and least criticized system of politics in the
world.

5. 1.3 Types Political System by Max
Weber:-
a) Traditional Political System; rule by using traditional
power ruler rule over there like ‘Mukhiya’.
b) Charismatic Political System; by using exceptional
personal qualities he provides legitimacy by winning
trust from citizens and rules over the country. For
example BP Koirala.
c) Legality; political machinery, formation of government,
and amendment in law and order is legitimized through
constitution or law.

6. 1.4 Major political system
Democracy
Republic
Monarchy
Communism
Dictatorship

7. Democracy:
 A system of government by the whole
population or all the eligible members of a
state, typically through elected
representatives.

8. Republic:
 A state in which supreme power is held by
the people and their elected
representatives, and which has an elected
nominated president rather than a monarch.

9. Monarchy:
A form of government in which one person
reigns, typically a king or a queen. The
authority, also known as a crown, is
typically inherited.

10. Communism:
 A system of government in which the state
plans and controls the economy. Often, an
power and authoritarian party holds the
power and state controls are imposed.

11. Dictatorship:
A form of government where one person
makes the main rules and decisions with
absolute power, disregarding input from
others.

12. 1.4 Political System in
Sociological Literature:
Political System
in Sociological
literature
Democracy as
a Political
System
Totalitarian as a
Political System
Welfare State as
a Political System
Communism as
a Political
System

13.  Democracy as a Political System
Under this political process people are ends and the
state is means.
The citizens have equal political privileges and rights in
casting the vote.
Liberty, equality and fraternity are the soul of
democracy.
There is the government by the representatives of the
people who are elected by the people themselves.
It provides adequate opportunities to all and assures
everyone full justice.

14. Two types of Democracy:
Direct Democracy
(People directly affairs)
Indirect Democracy
(Government is run by the representatives who
are elected by people)

15.  Communism as a Political System:
Under this process people are means and the end.
There is no provision of liberty, individual rights and
freedom.
State provides goods and services to the people by
taking the resources from people.
No guarantee of election, voting behavior, transparency,
accountability and rule of law.
This system of politics is least practiced political system
in the wrld.

16.  Totalitarian as a Political System:
It is a system in which power is vested in one
individual.(Also known as dictatorship)
It is the rule of a person or a group of persons who
arrogate to themselves and monopolize power in the
state
Power is centralized and monopolized for the sake of his
own interest rather than citizens.
Believes in bloodshed and war rather than logic and
reason.
Fundamental rights are uprooted and organizations are
banned.

17.  The Welfare State as a Political
System:
Under this system the state is understood as an agent of
social service rather than as an instrument of power.
The state where people are free to develop their
individual capacities and pursuit their happiness.
The state takes responsibility to provide social services
like in the field of education, medical aid, social
security, housing and employment opportunities.
Democratic countries can be welfare oriented as they
have launched socialist programs especially in education
and health.

18. Major functions of welfare state:
Maintenance of peace, harmony, solidarity, integrity and
order.
Providing social justice, recognition and redistribution to
the citizens.
Providing safety nets in education, health, housing,
social security.
Plans to conserve the common pool resources for the
future.
Protection of old, orphans, widows and needy people.

19. 1.5 Conclusion:
A political institution is a system of politics and
government which Includes political machinery,
constitution, political parties and their manifesto,
provision of voting behavior, periodic election formation
of government, pressure group, good governance and
other manifested and latent political relationships.
Aristotle have projected four types of political system
and Max Weber have proposed three types of political
system.

20. Con…
Political system in sociological literature, there are four
types of system.
The welfare state as a political system and Democracy
system are the popular and accepted system of politics
all over the world.