1: Strong Public Private Partnerships 2: Resilience in the Built Environment 3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting 4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society 5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure

1. Mainstreaming
DRR-CCA-Private Sector
Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
State DRR Coordinator
UNICEF, Assam, India
Presented at the ACEDC at Johansberg, South Africa 23rd to 25th October 2017

2. Contents
Disaster Risk Reduction
Aspects of DRR
DRR Mechanism
Aspects of DRR
What is CC
Major projection of CC
Impact of CC
How CC will affect key sectors
What is CCA
Integrating DRR-CCA
GAR 2013
Disasters have direct and indirect impacts on business
5 Private Sector Visions for a Resilient Future
How do we understand it
What are the Benefits of joining DRR‐PSP for Private Companies?
Content

3. Disaster Risk Reduction
There is no such thing as a 'natural' disaster, only natural hazards.
• DRR aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like;
earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic
of prevention.
• DRR is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks
through
• systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters
• reducing exposure to hazards,
• lessening vulnerability of people and property,
• wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse
events
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

4. DRR………?:
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

5. Aspects of DRR:
 Disaster Mitigation: Structural and non-structural measures
 Early warning: The provision of timely information enabling people to take steps to reduce the impact of hazards.
 Disaster Preparedness
 Recovery: assessing levels of future risk when planning housing projects in the aftermath of a disaster.
 Support to livelihood: home gardening can improve nutrition and increase reserves in the time of drought.

6. DRR Mechanism
The main mechanisms for DRR are:
 Avoid hazards: prevention of damage through the avoidance of hazard zones
 Mitigate risks: Mitigate the effects of events by reducing magnitude and probability of damage
 Respond to damage: Reduce adverse effects of events through timely and effective response
 Transfer risks: Distribute risks to a large group of individuals and use means for recovery
The first two mechanisms are preventive measures, the second two preparedness measures.
The various mechanisms to reduce risks: prevention (avoid hazards and hazardous zones); mitigation (reduce effects of hazard or reduce vulnerability of element at risk); response (respond to damage); recovery
(transfer risks for rehabilitation and reconstruction). The reduction of risks depends on the mix of measures. Residual risks have to be carried by the individual.
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

7. SFDRR 2015-30Taking into account the experience gained through the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-15, and in pursuance of the expected outcome and goal, there is a need for
focused action within and across sectors by States at local, national, regional and global levels in the following 4 priority areas:
4Priorities for action

8. SFDRR 7 global targets to achieve next 15 years

9. What is Climate Change
• Climate Change means significant difference in weather pattern over
an extended period of time
• Scientific consensus links current climate change primarily;
• emissions of carbon dioxide and other
• greenhouse gases from human activity, such as;
• the burning of fossil fuels,
• loss of forests and unsustainable production and
• consumption in the industrialized world
The effects include higher global temperatures,
• an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and
• related natural disasters,
• severe impacts to the sustainability of ecosystems.

10. Alaska's Columbia Glacier recedes rapidly
One of the most dramatic ways we're transforming the planet is through global warming. And a great place to see its effects is through
the melting of glaciers and ice sheets around the world.
The images above show the Columbia Glacier in Alaska, which flows directly into the sea. The glacier had stayed more or less fixed in
place between its discovery in 1794 and 1980, but then suddenly began shrinking. Between 1986 and 2014, its nose had retreated 12
miles north, making it one of the fastest-receding glaciers in the world.
Alaska's Columbia Glacier, seen on July 28, 1986 and July 2, 2014. (NASA, Images of Change)
Source: http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images
1986
2014

11. Major projections of CC
The IPCC has examined the published results from many different models and on the
basis of the evidence has estimated that by 2100
• The global average surface warming (surface air temperature change), will increase by 1.1 - 6.4 °C.
• The sea level will rise between 18 and 59 cm.•
• The oceans will become more acidic.
• It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue
to become more frequent.
• It is very likely that there will be more precipitation at higher latitudes and it is likely that
there will be less precipitation in most subtropical land areas.
• It is likely that tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will become more intense,
with larger peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation associated with on-going
increases of tropical sea surface temperatures.

12. Issue Impacts of Climate Change
Natural resources:
food, water, fuel & land
• Drought and/or flooding from temperature changes and erratic weather
• Decreased soil fertility
• Decreased crop yields or crop failure
• Resource scarcity
• Shortage of clean, potable water
Natural disasters • Warming oceans
• Changing weather patterns/seasons
• Erratic and more intense weather events
Health • Increase in infectious, water-borne or vector-borne diseases, e.g., malaria, due to increased temperatures and intensified storms
• Heat-related illness
• Malnutrition
• Increased air pollution, allergies and asthma
• Mental disorders such as anxiety and depression
Urbanization • Rural-to-urban migration increases due to environmental degradation, reduced productivity and conflict over
resources
• Informal shelters and communities expand
Migration &
displacement
• Disaster events can lead to displacement,19 temporary and permanent, internal and international
• Environmental degradation and competition for resources prompts women and men to move
• Forced migration due to regional vulnerability possible
H/H composition • Loss of/change in family composition due to migration/displacement and/or fatalities from natural disasters
Conflict & violence • Competition over limited resources can trigger conflict or displacement
• Shortages in regular rainfall and overall scarcity of natural resources can increase civil war by 50 per cent
• Increased anxiety and distress over livelihood insecurity
Impact of CC
Source: Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA

13. Key sectors to be affected by climate change
It will affect the major sectors like;
Water, Food, Industry, settlement and society, Health
Water: Drought-affected
Food: increases in temperature and the frequency of droughts and floods
are likely to affect crop production negatively,
Industry, settlement and society: The most vulnerable industries
Health: Increased malnutrition, diarrhoeal disease and malaria in some
areas will increase vulnerability to extreme public health and development
goals will be threatened by longer term damage to health systems from
disasters
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

14. What is CC Adaption
CCA is defined by UNFCCC “as adjustment in natural or human
systems in response to actual or expected climatic
stimuli or their effects that moderate harm and exploit
beneficial opportunities.
This can include;
(a) adapting development to gradual changes in average temperature, sea level and
precipitation; and
(b) reducing and managing the risks associated with more frequent, severe and
unpredictable extreme weather events” (UNISDR, 2010)
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

15. bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
Autonomous
Adaptation
-Adaptive
Capacity
Planned
Adaptation
= f(Technologies, Investment..)
Externalities
Autonomous
Resilience
- Coping
Preparedness
= f(Technologies, Investment..)
Externalities
Climate Change Adaptation Disaster Risk Reduction
Climate
Proofing
Vulnerability
Reduction
DRR-CCA

16. bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
DRR - CCA Integration
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
- Early Warning Systems (EWS), HVR Assessment/Monitoring,
Mitigation & Preparedness Strategies, Response Strategies ..
• Human Health
• Food, Water &
Environment Security
• Energy
• Agriculture & forestry
• Trade & tourism
• Industry, Mining etc
• Land use, settlements
Institutional Networking
Integration of Technologies
•Targeting Climate Related Disaster Risks
•Designing Risk Reduction Strategies
•Integrating Climate, Weather & EWS
Information in Decision Making..
Areas of Convergence
-Coastal Zone Management
-Watershed Development
-Land Use Planning
-Settlements, Physical and
Social Infrastructure Planning
-Floodplain Management..
Areas of Divergence
-Diverse institutional
structure
-Disconnected Policies,
Planning and
Programmes
-Lack of inter-sectoral
communication &
dialogues
-Lack of relevant
information
-Ad-hoc Short term
Approaches
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)
Priority Areas
DRR and CCA integration

17. UNISDR’s 2013 GAR for DRR, the GAR13, challenged the
private sector to action:
• It’s no longer “business as usual”: Recent major disasters focused attention on the growing impact of
disasters on the private sector…
• Businesses still display a ‘blind‐spot’ to disaster risk, which is largely ignored.
• Private investment largely determines disaster risk: In most economies 70‐85 percent of overall
investment is made by the private sector...
• Disasters directly affect business performance and undermine longer‐term competitiveness and
sustainability: When business leaves it may never return.
• Globalized supply chains create new vulnerabilities… Small and medium enterprises are particularly at
risk…
• Insurance is critical to business resilience. Yet insurance pricing often does not reflect risk levels or
provide an adequate incentive…
• Tourism investment in small island developing states comes with high levels of disaster risk … The
competitiveness of these countries, and businesses invested in them will depend on effective disaster
risk management…
• A new paradigm for disaster risk governance will include the private
sector…

18. Disasters have direct and indirect
impacts on businessMICROECONOMIC
Direct losses
Complete/ partial destruction of assets and stock
Indirect losses
Business disruption, supply chain impacts, impacts on clients, partners
and suppliers
Wider impacts
Loss of market share, competitors taking clients,
costlier insurance, negative effects on image
Macroeconomic effects
Higher interest rates, labour shortages, reduced demand of goods and
services

19. 5 Private Sector Visions for
a Resilient Future
1: Strong Public Private Partnerships
2: Resilience in the Built Environment
3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting
4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society
5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure

20. How do we understand it
1. Strong Public Private Partnership DRR and resilience at the local and national level.-
Disaster Resilience Scorecard, Initiative MAMA‐LIGHT for Sustainable Energy
2. Resilience in the built environment is driven by the public sector raising minimum
standards, and enabling the private sector to work voluntarily towards optimum practices.
- Green Star Communities, Tagonishi Green Community
3. All financial investment and accounting decisions, public and private, are risk‐sensitive. -
The 1‐in‐100 initiative, R!SE Disaster Risk‐Sensitive Investments
4. A resilience‐sensitive public and resilience‐sensitive businesses drive each other
towards resilient societies. - In Paris, private companies collaborate with a public entity to develop community continuity management
plans to mitigate Seine flooding risks, Development Bank of Japan’s Business Continuity Management (BCM) Rating
5. Identification and disclosure of risks carried, and their proactive management, becomes a
standard business practice.

21. What are the Benefits of joining DRR‐PSP
for Private Companies?
• Partner with UNISDR to influence and mobilize decision‐makers to advocate DRR as a
national priority in the political agenda
• Strengthen your Public Private Partnerships
• Network with DRR partners globally and in your local area
• Connect with global, regional and local resilience initiatives
• Access to expertise, data and up‐to‐date information on DRR issues to help you better
understand your risks
• Access to DRR materials and presentations through the member‐only DRR‐PSP website
• Access to international, regional and national DRR platforms and forums to promote and
share best practices, expert knowledge and products related to DRR
• Opportunity to showcase your DRR activities and successes through DRR‐PSP
communications

22. 1. http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr
2. Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany
3. http://www.sdc-drr.net/what
4. http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise
5.Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-2030
6.Political declaration WCDRR
7. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Summary for Policymakers: http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-
wg1-spm.pdf.
8. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II Report: http://195.70.10.65/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm.
9. http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images
10. Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA
11. Social Protection and Climate Resilience, Report from an international workshop A ddis Ababa March 14–17, 2011, WB
12. Disaster Risk Reduction private Sector partnership, UNISDR
13.
https://www.google.de/search?q=Images+Africa+disaster&tbm=isch&source=iu&pf=m&ictx=1&fir=bUfJFUQBmex4vM%253A%252CChNnKfC8N1mr3M%
252C_&usg=__Fb0VIDtAQL9C5oD9iUERGtnwwvM%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsypXB2ojXAhUhDsAKHe3hDHAQ9QEILTAA#imgrc=T6NPsobHl6EQdM:
References:
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

23. Thank you