This document discusses air pollution and its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines air pollution as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. The major causes of air pollution include the burning of fossil fuels for energy and transportation, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and vehicle emissions. The effects of air pollution include respiratory and heart problems, global warming, acid rain, impacts on wildlife, and depletion of the ozone layer. Proposed solutions include using public transportation, better household practices, conserving energy, reducing and recycling waste, developing clean energy sources, and using energy-efficient devices.

1. 18. Pollution of Air and Water
NAME BIBI ARIFA
CLASS VIII
SCIENCE ACTIVITY

2. Air
Pollution of Air
Causes of Air Pollution
Effects of Air Pollution
Greenhouse Effect
Solutions to Air Pollution

3. Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles. It is
the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. It has
an indefinite shape and volume. ... Air is a mixture of about
78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, 0.9% of argon, 0.04% of
carbon dioxide, and very small amounts of other gases.
AIR

4. Pollution of AIR
Air Pollution - is a mixture of solid particles
and gases in the air.
Air pollution consists of gases, liquids or solids present in the
atmosphere in high enough levels to harm humans, other
organisms or materials.
Pollution - The presence in or introduction into the
environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous
effects. . Harmful substances that pollute air, water and land
are called Pollutants. Eg . Smog, chlorofluorocarbons.

5. Causes of Air Pollution
 Most of the air pollution takes place due to the burning of
fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline to produce energy for
electricity or transportation.
 Industrial activities emit several pollutants in the air that
affects the air quality more than we can even imagine.

6.  Climate change is not just increasing
wildfire but also spiking air
pollution. Burning stubble and farm
residue is also a major contribution
to wildfire.
 Use of toxic products also called as Volatile Organic
Compounds, inadequate ventilation, uneven temperature,
use of chemical and synthetic products and humidity
level can cause indoor air pollution, whether you are in
office, school or at your comfortable home.

7.  Manufacturing, chemical, and textiles industries release a
large number of carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons, chemicals
and organic compounds which contaminate our environment.
Decaying of microorganisms present in the surrounding
releases methane gas which is highly toxic.
 There is no denying that vehicle pollution
is the major contributor to air pollution,
especially in urban cities. When the car
burns gasoline, it emits pollutants in the
air which is as harmful as smoking 10
cigarettes a day.

8.  Open burning of garbage is much more harmful to your
health and the environment than one may think.
 Agricultural activities have had a serious
impact on the decreasing air quality. To
begin with pesticides and fertilizers are
the main source to contaminate the
surrounding air.

9. Effects of Air Pollution
1. Respiratory and Heart Problems
The effects of air pollution are alarming. They are known to create
several respiratory and heart conditions like asthma, chronic
bronchitis, heart attacks and strokes along with cancer, among
other threats to the body. Several million are known to have died
due to the direct or indirect effects of Air pollution.
2. Global Warming
With increased temperatures worldwide, an increase
in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions
and icebergs, displacement, and loss of habitat have
already signaled an impending disaster if actions for
preservation and normalization aren’t undertaken
soon.

10. 3. Acid Rain
Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released
into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it
rains, the water droplets combine with these air pollutants,
becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid
rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to humans, animals, and
crops.
4. Effect on Wildlife
Just like humans, animals also face some devastating effects of air
pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife
species to move to a new place and change their habitat.
The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can
also affect sea animals.

11. 5. Depletion of the Ozone Layer
Ozone exists in the Earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for
protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet rays. Earth’s ozone
layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As the ozone
layer becomes thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and
can cause skin and eye-related problems. UV rays also have the
capability to affect crops.

12. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
What is Greenhouse Effect ?
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in
Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes
Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a
comfortable place to live.

13. The greenhouse effect works much the same way on Earth. Gases in
the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat. These heat-trapping
gases are called greenhouse gases. During night the atmosphere
becomes cold, but some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases.
This is what keeps the earth warm.
Human activities are changing Earth's natural greenhouse effect.
Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil puts more carbon dioxide into our
atmosphere, which makes the Earth very hot.
What reduces the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Earth's greenhouse is full of plants! Plants can help to balance
the greenhouse effect on Earth. All plants — from giant trees to
tiny phytoplankton in the ocean — take in carbon dioxide and
give off oxygen.

14. Solutions to Air Pollution
 Use the Public Mode of Transportation
Encourage people to use more and more public modes of
transportation to reduce pollution.
 Better Household Practices
Discard fireplaces /or wooden stoves used for heating homes.
Use gas logs in place of wood. Also, eliminate the use of gas-
powered lawn and gardening equipment. Avoid setting fire to
garbage, dry leaves, or other materials in your yard, and
lighting bonfires in the open. Try to mulch or compost your
yard waste. Use cleaning products and paints that are
environmentally friendly.

15.  Conserve Energy
Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. A large
number of fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. You
can save the environment from degradation by reducing the
number of fossil fuels to be burned.
 Understand the Concept of Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle
Do not throw away items that are of no use to you. Instead,
reuse them for some other purpose. For example, you can use
old jars to store cereals or pulses.

16.  Emphasis on Clean Energy Resources
Use of Clean energy technologies
like solar, wind and geothermal energy. Governments of
various countries have been providing grants to consumers
who are interested in installing solar panels for their homes.
This can go a long way to curb air pollution.
 Use Energy-Efficient Devices
CFL lights consume less electricity than their counterparts.
They live longer, consume less electricity, lead to lower
electricity bills, and also help you to reduce pollution by
consuming less energy.