Information technology in sports.

1. Prepared by: Bibus Poudel

2. INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION
 Sports : An activity involving physical exertion and skill
in which an individual or team competes against another
or others for entertainment.
 IT (Information Technology) : The study or use of
systems (especially computers and telecommunications)
for storing, retrieving, and sending information.

3. “Broadcasting of Sport Events”
Broadcasting Steps :
 Programming Sources
 Land Broadcast Station
 Satellite
 Dish Antenna
 Receiver

6. “Various Technologies”
 Hawk Eye line
 Hot Spot
 Snicko meter
 Goal line
 Spider cam
 Twins Cam
LED Stumps

7. Hawk eye line : This technology that shows trajectory
path of the ball in the pitch mainly used in cricket , tennis &
many more.
 Developed by “Paul Hawkins”
 Generally, works through six high performance camera & ball
tracker normally placed on the stadium roof base.
 Video is combined to create 3D ball trajectory.
 Can easily Predict future flight path of the ball & its
interaction.
 This system interpret interaction & give decision on the basis
of rules of game.

10. Hot Spot :It is an infrared imaging system used in cricket to
determine whether the ball has struck the batsman, bat or pad
 Developed by “Nicholas Bion”
 Two infrared camera is used on opposite side of ground
field.
 It shows bright “HOT” spot due to friction generated by the
ball due to elevation of local temperature by ball.
 The technique used to obtain black and white negative
frames generated to TV is Subtraction technique.

12. Snicko meter: The device used in slow motion for
game replay by third umpire to check if ball touched bat through
way to wicket keeper or fielder.
 Developed by “ Allan Plaskett ”
 The device record the varying or high frequency sound
wave.
 Camera and microphone is fitted on the middle
stumps of both sides.
 Sound is amplified and mixed on slow camera after
synchronization.
 Lengthy Short graph is finally shown on TV screen if
ball touches bat ,pad or gloves else flatter graph is
Shwn.

14. Goal Line: It is radio based system, which uses low
frequency magnetic fields to determine whether or not the ball
has passed over the goal line.
 2 magnetic fields used
 one is, coils attached to side & crossbar along goal line inside
soil.
 Next is, using passive electronic circuit used in ball.
 Ball entering goal line or post create fluctuation in magnetic
field.
 Central computer process the data and transmits it through
wirelessly to referee's wrist watch through antenna behind
goal post and provides Vibration alert to watch.

16. Spider Cam: Spider cam is a system which enables film
& tv cameras to move both vertically & horizontally over
predetermined area, typically sporting field such as cricket pitch
football ground etc.
 Held by 4 Kevlar cable connected to gyro stabilized camera
carrier.
 Camera pilot control it & processed by software which forward
commands through fiber optic cable.
 Fiber optic cable carry commands to camera & remote head
and bring HD videos to the control station.
 Remote head provides pan & tilt movement and lens remote
controls focus ,zooming and unzooming.

19. Advantages
 IT make games more fair, exciting & clear overview.
 IT provides justice to both team players & fans by clear
oversight.
 IT provides HD live broadcast to the fans sitting all over the
world .

20. Disadvantages
 IT delays the game time play.
 Costly . so, all nation may not afford this technologies.
 Misuse of IT may leads to match fixing .

21. Conclusion !!!
 Final conclusion is that , Information technology is
the most obligatory aspect in the field of Sports to
provide fine & fast view and unbias decision to the
players & their die hard Fans.
 IT helps to make sports a religion in which all the
fans get chance to support their teams and celebrate
the winning moments.

22. References
 [1] ROGER M. BARTLETT, IAN M. FRANKS,MIKE D. HUGHES, LARRY
KATZ, DARIO G. LIEBERMANN, JIM MCCLEMENTS- Journal of
Sports Sciences, 2002, 20, 755±769
 [2] SYMOND P. DONALD,MITCHELL K. GAUCHO,RIBEL J. RUBBERY -
Information Technology and Sports: Looking Toward Web 3.0 | the Sport
Journal. (n.d.)
 And other Sports sites like: