1. is
in
nalys
lite
a es
of
satel nom
icro le
ge
M
anel
org
ta
hy
rop
hlo
C

2. Microsatellites…

3. Simple
Sequence
Repeats
(SSRS)
Simple
Sequence
Length
Polymorphisms
(SSLPS)

4. Highly
Abundant
In
Prokaryotes
And
Eukaryotes

5. Both
In
Coding
And
Non-­‐Coding
Regions

6. Neutral?

7. Hot
Spot!

8. Inherently
Unstable
Mendelian
Manner

9. Highly
Variable

10. Powerful
GeneMc
Markers：
Locus-­‐specific
Co-­‐dominant
PCR-­‐based
Highly
Polymorphic

11. DistribuMon
Of
SSRs
In
The
Genome
Is
Not
Random!

12. Previous:
Coding
Or
Gene-­‐rich
Regions
+
Nuclear-­‐
Genome
Based

13. Current
:
DeterminaMon
At
The
Whole
Genome
Level!

14. Chloroplast
And
Mitochondrial
Genomes
Of
Chlorophyta

15. Organelle
genome
sequence
source

16. IdenMficaMon
of
SSRs

17. 1
Frequency
Of
SSRs
In
Chloroplast
And
Mitochondrial
Genomes

18. Varying

19. The
Frequencies
Of
SSRs
Chloroplast
Mitochondria

20. Algal
Species
:
No
RelaMonship
Between
The
Frequencies
Of
Simple
And
Compound
SSRs

21. 2
DistribuMon
of
SSRs
in
genic
and
intergenic
regions

22. The
Major
ProporMon
Of
SSRs
Intergenic
Regions
Genic
And
Intragenic
Regions

23. Chloroplast

24. Mitochondria

25. “The
differences
in
frequency
suggest
that
the
polymorphism
associated
with
coding
regions
is
lower
than
non-­‐coding
region.”
non-­‐coding
region
coding
region

26. “The
microsatellite
pa^erns
making
it
impossible
to
measure
associated
relatedness
and
polymorphism
present
within
alleles.”

27. 3
SSR
Pa^erns

28. mono-­‐nucleoMde
repeats,
poly
A/T.

29. DinucleoMde
repeat
pa^erns
were
less
frequent
Maximum
dinucleoMde
repeats
was
poly
AT/TA

30. The
major
di-­‐
nucleoMde
repeat
pa^ern
in
Chlorophyta
organellar
genomes
had
shown
the
similarity
with
organelle
and
nuclear
genomes
of
higher
taxa

31. In
very
minute
amounts
other
repeat
pa^ern
tetra-­‐,
penta-­‐,
hexa-­‐
were
observed

32. SSRs
in
nuclear
ESTs
of
other
plant
species
and
some
cereal
species
tri-­‐nucleoMde
repeats
were
the
most
abundant
class
followed
by
di-­‐nucleoMde
repeats

33. FuncMonal
categorizaMon
of
genes
having
microsatellites
4

34. In
all
chloroplast
genomes…
In
mitochondrial
genomes…

35. Conclusion

36. The
study
is
important
in
term
of
revealing
the
simple
repeat
pa^erns
in
organellar
genomes
of
lower
plant
species
and
to
measure
their
abundance
and
polymorphism.

37. Suggest
the
evoluMon
of
chloroplast
and
mitochondrial
genomes
independent
of
nuclear
genomes.

38. EvoluMonary
Factors
With
Different
Rate
And
Randomness:
Significant
Differences
In
SSR
Pa^erns
Among
Members
Of
Same
Family

39. T
u!
yo
ank
h