#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.

1. BY:
17131AA012
17131AA024
17131AA026
17131AA0321
CHAPTER 2 :
BUILDING
FACULTY:
Ar. SHAIK TAHER UNNISA
WIRING
SYSTEM

2. ELECTRICAL WIRES
/SERVICE WIRE
2
• Electrical wires are conductors that transmit electricity
from a source, usually a nearby transformer, to an
outlet in your home or business.
• They also conduct electricity in appliances and
electronic devices.
• Electrical wires come in various materials, casings and
sizes to handle the different electrical loads and
various conditions in which they will be used.
• Although they can be made from aluminum and other
materials, almost all electrical wires are made of
copper.

3. ELECTRICITY METER:
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• An electricity meter or energy meter is a device that measures
the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence,
business, or an electrically powered device
• Installed at customers' premises for billing purposes. They are
typically calibrated in billing units.
• The most common one being the kilowatt hour [kwh] .
• They are usually read once each billing period

4. LIGHT CIRCUIT AND POWER CIRCUIT
• a “light circuit” is a circuit that has a run of lighting on it.
• LIGHT CIRCUIT is a circuit in which light (less ) power flows or say light (less)current flows . It's a
basically low voltage and low current circuits.
• POWER CIRCUIT is a circuit in which high current flows
• A power circuit is defined as any circuit used to carry electricity that operates a load. This may seem
like a simplistic definition but it is important to distinguish power circuits from control circuits since
they serve different purposes.
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5. A CIRCUIT BREAKER
• A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or
short circuit.
• Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
• Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker
can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation
• Low-voltage (less than 1,000 VAC) types are common in domestic, commercial and
industrial application, and include:Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)—rated current
not more than 100 A. Trip characteristics normally not adjustable. Thermal or
thermal-magnetic operation. Breakers illustrated above are in this category.
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6. MCB
• A miniature circuit breaker (MCB) automatically switches off
electrical circuit during an abnormal condition of the network
means in overload condition as well as faulty condition.
• Nowadays we use an MCB in low voltage electrical network
instead of a fuse.
• The fuse may not sense it but the miniature circuit breaker does
it in a more reliable way.
• MCB is much more sensitive to overcurrent than fuse.
• Handling an MCB is electrically safer than a fuse.
• Quick restoration of supply is possible in case of a fuse as
because fuses must be re-wirable or replaced for restoring the
supply
• Restoration is easily possible by just switching it ON.
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7. ELCB
• An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety
device used in electrical installations with high Earth
impedance to prevent shock.
• It detects small stray voltages on the metal enclosures
of electrical equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a
dangerous voltage is detected.
• Once widely used, more recent installations instead
use residual current circuit breakers which instead
detect leakage current directly
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8. • A distribution board (also known as panelboard, breaker panel, or electric
panel) .
Is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an electrical
power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a
protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.
Normally, a main switch, and in recent boards, one or more residual-
current devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent
protection (RCBO), are also incorporated.
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• DISTRIBUTION BOARD

9. Electrical wiring is a process of connecting cables and
wires to the related devices such as fuse, switches,
sockets, lights, fans etc to the main distribution board is a
specific structure to the utility pole for continues power
supply.
In standard conductor usually, the centre wire is
surrounded by the successive layers of wires containing 6,
12,18, 24,… wires
methods of electrical wiring systems with respect to
taking connection wiring can be done using two methods
which are
joint box system or tee system
loop – in system
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ELECTRICAL WIRING

10. JOINT BOX OR TEE OR JOINTING SYSTEM
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints.
These joints are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints
cutouts. This method of wiring doesn’t consume too much cables size.
LOOP-IN OR LOOPING SYSTEM
This method of wiring is universally used in wiring. Lamps and other appliances
are connected in parallel so that each of the appliances can be controlled
individually.
When a connection is required at a light or switch, the feed conductor is looped
in by bringing it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward again to the
next point to be fed
.The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from
one point to another until the last on the circuit is reached.
The phase or line conductors are looped either in switchboard or box and
neutrals are looped either in switchboard or from light or fan.
Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.
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11. • Vulcanized indian rubber wire (V.I.R)
• Tough rubber sheathed wire or cabtyre sheathed(t.R.
•Poly vinyl chloride wire (P.V.C.)
• Lead covered wire
• Weather proof wires
• Flexible wire
• MICC wire
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TYPES OF MATERIALS:

14. CONDUCTOR:
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• The coil from a electric heater gets hot
and conducts electricity well.
•
A conductor is something which
allows electricity to flow through.
•
•An example of a conductor is: –
Scissors – Paper clip – Aluminum foil
– Iron – Steel – Copper
SWITCH BOARD
• A device that directs electricity from one source to
another. It is an assembly of panels, each of which
contains switches that allow electricity to be
redirected.

15. ELECTRICAL POINTS IN A BUILDING:
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16. Earthing is the process of connecting the appliances to the ground so that any unforeseen current such as leakages
is transmitted to the earth.
The purpose of the earthing is to protect the people from the electric shock.
• Types of earthing: .
• Wire earthing
• Rod earthing
• Pipe earthing
• Plate earthing
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EARTHING :

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PIPE EARTHING:
• In this method pipe of 38mm diameter and
2m long is used as an earth electrode. A
hole of about 30cm diameter and 3.5m
deep is dug into the ground using auger.
• The pipe is placed in the hole the pipe
covered with 80mm of charcoal and a layer
of common salt of 30mm to decrease the
resistance offered by the earth mass.

18. 18
PLATE EARTHING
• In this method a G.I. plate or a copper plate
is used as an earth electrode. If a G.I. plate
is used then a size of 0.3 x 0.3 with 6.35mm
thickness should be adopted and if a copper
plate is used plate of 0.3m x0.3m and
3.20mm thick should be adopted.
• The plate is buried to a depth of 2.0m into
the ground and the plate is completely
covered with a 80mm thick layer of charcoal
and 30mm thick layer of commo.n salt

19. ELECTRICAL SAFETY MEASURES
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Lightning Protection to be done as per the IS Codes applicable.
Safety parameters as indicated under Indian Electricity Rules 1956 and ECBC shall be complied.
THE FOLLOWING SAFETY MEASUREMENT ARE CONSIDERED:
• Earth resistivity test shall be carried out in accordance with IS Code of Practice for earthing IS 3043
• Specifications in respect of conductor material, their installation & jointing and providing earth electrode shall be
as stipulated in “EARTHING” sections of Technical Specifications of this tender document.
• The lightning protection system shall use either copper or GI as stipulated in Bill of quantities as conducting
material throughout.
• Galvanizing shall conform class – IV of IS 4736 : 1986. Longest possible unbroken lengths of conductors shall
be used to eliminate or at least minimize mid run jointing.
• No work shall be undertaken on live installations, or on installations which could be energized unless one
another person is present to immediately isolate the electric supply in case of any accident and to render first aid,
if necessary.

20. BY:
17131AA012
17131AA024
17131AA026
17131AA03220
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