1. Interreligious & International
Federation for World Peace
Healthy Lifestyle Series
Living AIDS Free:
A Zero-Transmission Lifestyle

2. Magic Johnson
appeared to be in great
physical shape. So, his
announcement that he
was HIV infected was
a complete surprise for
many people.
Why?
Because he did not
look at all sick.

3. MSNBC

4. What is AIDS? HIV?
Acquired
Immuno-
Deficiency
Hhuman Syndrome
I immunodeficiency
V virus
© 2001 C enter Milan Nermut, M.D., Ph.D.*
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control

5. 1. HIV enters blood
stream through a mucus
membrane or a wound.
2. The virus inserts itself into a
white blood cell nucleus (left),
incapacitates the cell and
reproduces itself, then buds out
into the blood stream (below).
3. After months or
years, the number of
HIV increases and the
white blood cell count
decreases. The
immune system is
weakened.
Te tbok o A I D S Patho gy ( F e 20) ,
x o f lo b. 02
T he I nter P athology L abor y
net ator

6. National AIDS and STDs
Control Programme

7. HIV - The Master of Disguise
AIDS
No
Wellness - Illness
Opportunistic
Symptoms Symptoms Diseases
•Fatigue •Cancer
•Diarrhea •Malaria
Invisible •Weight Loss •Typhoid
Hidden •Persistent Fever
•Night Sweats
•Pneumonia
•Tuberculosis
•Itchy Skin Rash •Dementia
•Swollen Lymph •Rashes & Thrush
Nodes •Meningitis
1-10 years or more 1 or more years 1 or more years
White Blood Cell (CD4 Lymphocytes) Count (per microliter)
> 500 200 – 500 < 200 Death

8. Tip of the
Full-Blown AIDS Iceberg Opportunistic Diseases
AIDS
Reportable AIDS
T4 cell counts < 200
Visible Symptoms T4 cell count
Hidden appear between 200 & 500
No Symptoms,
but Infectious
Can Infect Others Unknowingly
HIV Infection

9. Why?
National AIDS and STDs
Control Programme

10. Opportunistic Diseases
•Cancer
•Malaria
•Typhoid
•Pneumonia
•Tuberculosis
•Dementia
•Rashes & Thrush
•Meningitis
Adam’s Healthcare Encyclopedia

11. AIDS related Cancer Vitiligo
A skin
Strikes 1 in 5 disease
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
© 2001, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine dermatlas

12. Alarming Increase in HIV
Infection Worldwide
45 Million
Estimated
HIV
Infections
Worldwide
Millions
1980 2002
World Health Organization

13. Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, End 2001
Living with HIV/AIDS 40 million
Newly infected in 2001 5 million
AIDS deaths in 2001 3 million
AIDS deaths 24.8 million
from beginning of epidemic
Orphans 14 million
Daily Infections 14 thousand
UNDP 2002

15. Deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2001
Western Europe Eastern Europe &
8 000 Central Asia
North Africa
23 000
North America East Asia & Pacific
& Middle East
15 000 30 000 South 35 000
Caribbean & South-East Asia
40 000 Sub-Saharan 400 000
Africa
2.2
Latin America Australia
60 000 million & New
Zealand
<100
Total: 3 million
The World Health Report 2001, WHO

16. Leading Causes of Death in Africa, 2000
25.0 22.6
20.0
% of 15.0 10.1 9.1
Total 10.0 6.7 5.5
4.3 3.6 3.1 2.9 Maternal
5.0 2.3
conditions
0.0
HIV/ Malaria Perinatal Tuber Cerebrovascular
AIDS conditions culosis disease
Lower Diarrhoeal Measles
respiratory disease
Ischaemic
infections
Heart
Source: The World Health Report 2001, WHO
01 Ju ly 2 002 s lid e n u m b e r S S A-38
disease

17. HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, End 2001
2001
20 – 39%
10 – 20%
5 – 10%
1 – 5%
0 – 1%
trend data unavailable
outside region
01 Ju ly 2 002 s lid e n u m b e r S S A-4

18. HIV Prevalence in
Military Personnel in Africa
Nigeria: 11% among peacekeepers returning
from Sierra Leone and Liberia vs 5.8% in adult
population
South Africa: 60-70% in military vs 20% in
adult population
Nigeria AIDS bulletin No 15, May 20, 2000;
The Mail & Guardian,8 Pretoria, March 31, 2000;
01 Ju ly 2 002 s lid e n u m b e r S S A-1
UNAIDS/WHO 1999 estimate

19. Africa’s Infection Rate
50x - 100x Higher. Why?
Weakened Stigma►HIV
Immune Testing Rare
System
Infectious Social
Poverty
Climate
Economic
HIV Impure
Medical
Widesprea Water
d STDs
Rampant Work
Migration
Poor
Medi-cal Why? Migration to
Care Cities
Malnutritio Custom
Multiple Sex
n Partners
Sugar Genital
Daddies Mutilation Polygamy

20. SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
IN D IV ID U A HOUS EHOL C O M M U N IT
L D Y
• L o w s e lf - • Im p o v e r is h • P o ve rty
im a g e me nt • In f r a s t r u c t u
• S u ic id e • F a m ily c r is is re
• Ang e r, • C a re d e t e r io r a t
v io le n c e e xpe ns e s es
• D e p r e s s io • S in g le • D e a th ra te
n pa re nt up
• A lie n a t io n • C h ild r e n , • L a b o r c r is is
• G u ilt , e ld e r ly • H o m e le s s n
s ha me Head of ess,
• W it h d r a w a H o u s e h o ld s tre e t
l • W id o w s , c h ild r e n
• S t ig m a orpha ns • C h ild la b o r ,

21. How Do You Get AIDS?
Non-
Sexual
15%
85% or more 15% or less
Sexual
85%
Prof. Olikoye RansomeKuti,
Also, barbing & shaving, manicure,
ear piercing, tattoos, circumcision Former Nigerian
Adam’s Healthcare Encyclopedia Minister of Health

22. Sex with an Infected Partner
PHOTO: Alain N.-Sygma
Funk & Wagnalls New
Encyclopedia 1976 Yearbook.
• Prostitution is a major route of HIV transmission
• Studies show high rates of HIV infection

23. From Mother to Child P4/5
• 15% to 45% of babies born to HIV mothers become infected
• 1500 babies are born with HIV infection each day
• 1200 babies die of AIDS each day
• Testing of mother & early treatment can reduce infections by two thirds
UNAIDS 2002

24. Your Risk Increases if You:
• Have sex outside a committed relationship
• Have sex with partner who has not had an
HIV test.
• Have sex with multiple partners. The more
partners, the higher the risk.
• Have sex with a partner who has had multiple
relationships (even if you don’t know that).
• Increase sexual activity because of a false
sense of security using condoms, especially if
used incorrectly.

25. You Don’t Get AIDS by:
→ Sneezing, coughing
→ Simple kiss or embracing
→ Insect bites
→ Sharing cups, plates, utensils
→ Shaking hands or embracing
→ Working or playing together
→ Normal social contact
→ Crowded buses, public baths
→ Using telephones

26. Our Attitude Toward People with HIV
• Casual social contact OK
• Acceptance at work; need income
• Need love & concern, not rejection
• When sick, need care
• Family needs community support
BUT
• Be informed for best support, care
• Avoid contact with body fluids

27. Explosive Growth of STDs
• In 1960s only 2 common STDs, both curable:
Gonorrhea and Syphilis
• Now, 2 dozen STDs, some deadly, some incurable
• Condoms: limited or no protection
• 16-to-24-year-olds most infected group
Salmonellosis Molluscum
Chlamydia Genital Herpes Contagiosum
Hepatitis A & B Shigellosis
Chancroid Human Papilloma Lymphogranu-
Ureaplasmal Virus Syphilis Venereum
loma
Infections Human Immuno- Amebiasis
deficiency Gonorrhea
Granuloma Giardiasis
Virus
Inguinal Campylobacter Cytomegalovirus

28. AIDS Also Kills Dreams
Afro-beat king, Fela Anikulapo-Kuti,
became infected and then died from
complications of AIDS. His many fans still
miss him. Newswatch, 1997
Kay Brown, 19, an honour student hoping to enter the
military, was infected by and then abandoned by her
boyfriend. “My career plans were destroyed,” she said.
Newsweek 1992
Cornelius Monaheng, infected when he was 24,
has dedicated his life to educating young people
about the dangers of sex, drugs and alcohol
Krista Blake was infected at age 16 by someone who
did not tell her that he was infected. At age 20, she
dropped out of college and broke off her engagement.
She died at age 22. Newsweek 1992

29. Protection Against HIV:
What are Your Choices?
Abstinence...Zero Transmission
Be Faithful...Zero Transmission
Condoms......Less Transmission

30. Get an HIV Test
If infected: If not infected:
• Get help • Change habits
• Protect others • Prepare for
true love

31. Safer Sex?
P hoto credit:
W H O/ U B
G
B
The o ne o a po lar bar distribu
wr f pu ting co m
ndo s.
How much protection do latex
condoms provide in actual use?

32. Do Condoms Work?
•“There is no scientific evidence that condoms prevent the
transmission of most sexually transmitted diseases.”
•Studies show that condoms reduce the risk of transmission
of HIV and gonorrhea in men.
•Studies are inconclusive about whether condoms reduce
the risk of transmission of gonorrhea in women, chlamy-
dia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, syphilis, &
chancroid
•Studies say there is no evidence condoms reduce the risk
of transmission of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
•More than 100 studies fail to prove that condoms prevent
or even reduce the transmission of most STDs.

33. How Effective are Condoms?
•“Overall effectiveness for reducing sexual transmission
of HIV through consistent use of condoms is
approximately 80%.”
•“Condoms appear to be marginally less effective for
reducing HIV transmission than for preventing
pregnancy.”
Source: Global Health Council, 2002, http://www.globalhealth.org/assets/publications/condoms.pdf
•In use by teenagers, condom failure is around 14% (i.e.
one in seven).
Fu H, Darroch L et al Contraceptive failure rates: New Estimates from the National Survey of Family
Growth Fam Plann Persp1999 31 56-63
•Therefore, “safe sex” with a condom is not safe.
Abstinence and committed marriage are the only true
forms of “safe sex.”
Gene Rudd, MD, Associate Executive Director, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, Bristol, TN

34. Sex Educators Don’t Trust
Condoms. Should You?
“I asked [800 sex educators] if they
knew that a person carried the [HIV]
virus, would they have sex, depending
on a condom for protection? No one
raised their hand.”
Source: Dr. Theresa Crenshaw, past president of the American Society of
Sex Educators and Therapists, and member of the Presidential AIDS
Commission

35. Condoms Offer False Sense of Security
They remove your natural
reservations about premarital
sex
Fear of Fear of Worry about
AIDS and Pregnancy Parents’
STDs Disapproval
Source: Louis Harris, American Teens Speak, 1986

36. Percentage of Sexually Experienced Girls
in South Africa Who Say …
“I have been forced to “I am afraid of saying
have sex.” no to sex.”
Agree
39%No
Yes 33%Disagree
61% 55% Disagree 7% 60%
Agree 39%
6%
“There are times I don't want to have sex, but I do
because my boyfriend Insists on having sex.”
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation/KLA (2000) South African National Youth Survey
01 Ju ly 2 002 s lid e n u m b e r S S A-5 1

37. You Don’t Need to Say “Yes” to Sex
• Abstinence is doing without something.
• You can abstain from lots of things, such as
certain foods, alcohol and other drugs, and sex.
• You can abstain from sex for lots of different
reasons, such as to protect your health, to stick to
your religious or moral values or to take control
of your own life.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

38. You Might Decide NOT to
Have Sex Because:
•You want to wait until you're married
•It would upset your parents if they found out
•You just don't feel ready to have sex
•You've already had sex, but decided it was a
mistake
Remember: It's never too late to abstain from
sex! You can stop right now.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

39. Who has
the best sex?
• Swinging Singles?
• Cohabiters?
• Married?
• Married & Faithful?

40. Saying "NO" to Sex Has Many Advantages!
• Avoid Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
like HIV/AIDS.
• Avoid Pregnancy.
• Keep Religious or Moral Values.
• Boost Your Self-Esteem.
• Abstinence isn't Forever.
• Keep your most precious gift for your future
spouse.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

41. Tips for saying “No!”
Deciding to say "NO" is easy – but actually saying
"NO" may not be. Practice your responses with a
friend or parent today.
Tips for Success
• Be assertive, learn to speak up for yourself.
• Set your limits before you get into a challenging
situation.
• Practice saying "NO" as if you really mean it.
• Talk about your feelings, don't make the person
guess how far you'll go.
• Don't use alcohol and other drugs.
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

42. Learn How to Say “No!”
“If you really loved me, “If you really loved me, you
you'd have sex with me.” wouldn't pressure me.”
“Everybody's doing it.” “That's not true. I'm not doing
it and I'm somebody.”
“If you won't do it, I'll find “If that's all I mean to you, then
someone who will.” maybe you should find
someone else!”
“Don't you trust me?” “It has nothing to do with trust.
I just don't feel right about
having sex.”
“It's the only way to prove “I didn't think I had to prove
you're a man (or woman)!” anything to you.”
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

43. Friendship ≠ Sex
“We might not get another “Right now, I'm willing to take
chance.” that chance.”
“I thought you loved me!” “I do, but I thought you
respected me!”
“What's wrong with you?” “There's nothing wrong with
choosing to wait.”
“I think you owe it to me.” “I don't think I owe you
anything.”
“If I don't relieve this “That's a myth. Besides, if I
tension, I'll be in physical have sex before I'm ready, I
pain.” could be emotionally hurt.”
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

44. You’re in Charge!
• It's your body;
• Don't be pressured into having sex.
• Stay in control - don't use alcohol or other
drugs.
• Make the smart choice, say "NO" to sex -
for now!
NYC Dept of Health STD Control Program

45. Sexual Organs
sin g!
re sp as
N o T y
o fM
o pe rty se
Pr Sp ou
tu re
Fu

46. Media’s Sexualized Messages
In today’s culture
advertisers enhance the
appeal of their products
by associating them with
sex.
If you don’t value your
own life, no-one else will
either - certainly not
Hollywood, nor the
Media!

47. Too late to
change his past...
But not too late to
change your future!
E ven if you’ve made mistakes, they
ar in your past. You can de
e cide
right no to begin a new futur
w e.

48. A.C. Gr e e n , NBA
S t a r is saving sex for
marriage
C opyr 1 994, USA We e d.
ight ekn
P hotography by L ar y N ichols.
r
How about you?

49. Become a Person of Character
like A.C. Green
By actively developing such virtues as honesty,
integrity, endurance, respect for others, becoming
more responsible, and living for the sake of others,
you’ll have what it takes to:
– Save sex for later by creating boundaries,
– Accomplish your short & long term goals, and
– Prepare to create a happy marriage and family
– Learn about love, relationships, and marriage

50. Problem of Modern Education
The problem of contemporary education,
minimum level of focus on character
development:
3. Education for mastery
4. Education in norms
5. Cultivation of the heart

51. Balanced Education
Character education balances the moral,
emotional, social and academic levels of
education
3. Education for mastery
4. Education in norms
1. Cultivation of the heart

52. Moral Goals of Education
1. Mature Character
2. Loving relationships and family
3. Contribution to society

53. Cultivation of the Heart
 Experiences of love
 Moral examples
 Practice of caring

54. Moral Goal-Mature Character
 Loving and caring heart
 Self control
 Lives for the sake of others
 Words and deeds are closely related

55. First Dimension of Education
 Cultivation of the heart
 Development of mature character
 Foundation for other levels of education

56. Education in Norms
 Training in proper behavior
 Rules and responsibilities
 For respect and harmony

57. Education for Character-
Balances Love and Rules
 Ethics need to facilitate loving relationships
and social harmony
 The family is the crucible of character
 Teachers need to support the efforts of
parents in developing character
 Rules need to be implemented in a loving
and caring fashion

58. Moral Goal: Loving
Relationships and Family
 Strong marriages
 Effective parenting
 Ethical practice
 Altruism

59. Second Dimension of Education
 Education in norms
 Loving relationships and family
 Moral and ethical education-basis of
technical education

60. Education for Mastery
 Academic education
 Technical education
 Education in the arts

61. Moral Goal-Contribution to
Society
 Technical achievement
 Community service
 Sustainable environment

62. Third Dimension of Education
Education for mastery
Contribution to society
Concern for the environment

63. Character Education
Based on Universal Values
 Traditional and contemporary values
 Spiritual and material
 Eastern and western

64. Universal Values Criteria
 Reversible
 Generalizable
 Compelling to the conscience

65. Universal Values Criteria
Objective benefits
Transcend cultures
Embodied as virtues

66. Virtues list
These virtues are voted for and used more
consistently in character education
initiatives in the US:
 RESPECT
 RESPONSIBILITY
 HONESTY
 CARING

67. Consensus Model for Character
Education Initiative
 Representatives from the school, home and
community need to be a part of and support
the CE initiative
 Administrators, teachers, cafeteria workers,
bus drivers, student representatives, parents,
social workers, business leaders and
government representatives need to meet
and vote on which virtues will comprise the
CE initiative

68. The Virtue of Respect
• Treat others with respect; follow the
Golden Rule
• Dictionary definition “To have regard
for or appreciation of a person’s worth;
to honor, to esteem, to be courteous
and considerate to”
• Be tolerant of differences

69. How Do We Become a
Respectful Person?
 Show courtesy and be considerate of the
feelings of others
 Don’t threaten, hit or hurt anyone
 Deal peacefully with anger, insults and
disagreements

70. Self Respect
 Before you can respect others, you need to
respect yourself
 Acceptance of positive and negative character
traits
 Realistic goals to improve problems
 An “honoring” of ourselves, involves holding
ourselves in a positive light, regardless of our
mistakes, weaknesses, and problems

71. Proactive or Reactive
Read the following statements aloud and
decide which are proactive and which are
reactive. Write a P or R in the blank area.
2. I have to do it right away _____
3. I prefer to be more responsible _____
4. There’s nothing I can do about it _____
5. I control my thoughts and feelings _____

72. Proactive and Reactive
Write a P or R in the blank space:
2. My friend made me do it _____
3. I’m not responsible for my actions _____
4. It’s out of my hands _____
5. I choose to wait a few minutes _____
6. My life is out of control _____
7. I will carry out my plan _____

73. You’re in Charge
Write 5 proactive statements and 5 reactive
statements not already mentioned. Label
each statement with a P and R.
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________

74. Character Traits of TV
Celebrities
Choose three TV programs that you
frequently watch and analyze an
actor/actress on each of these programs
Name of character________Program_______
Deceitful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Truthful
Sarcastic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sense of
humor
Corrupt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Good

75. Character Traits of TV Stars
Disloyal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Loyal
Impure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chaste
Selfish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Generous
Lazy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ambitious
Indifferent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sympathetic
Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kind
Arrogant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Humble

76. Create Families of True Love
God/
Allah
True
Husband Wife
Love
Children
--- Clan ---
--- Community ---
--------- Nation ----------
------------ World -------------