The document describes the main components of a computer system: the input unit, central processing unit, memory, and output unit. It provides examples of common input devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners that provide data to the computer. It also lists the central processing unit as the brain of the computer and memory components like RAM, ROM, and hard disks that store data and instructions. The output unit is described as using devices like monitors, printers, and plotters to display or print the computer's processed output.