1. What doesn’t kill them makes
them stronger

3. Discovers penicillin in
1928

5. • The invention of early antibiotics, namely penicillin,
provided a huge advance in the treatment of infectious
diseases. Antibiotics have turned many would-be fatal
conditions into manageable ailments. With this success
has come an overreliance on antibiotics as a fix for every
cough and sniffle. This opens a Pandora's box of medical
pitfall

6. • As early as 1946, scientists (including A. Fleming) were
warning of the possible dangers of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
• A few bacteria in populations that have never been
exposed to artificial antibiotics probably carry alleles that
give resistance to antibiotics
• Resistance alleles can also arise by mutation
• Resistant bacteria can use a number of mechanisms to
overcome antibiotics

7. One of the biggest problems with the overuse of
antibiotics is an acquired resistance to the drug by
the infecting bugs. Antibiotics act on bacteria which
have the ability to adapt to a variety of situations
and learn ways around the killing mechanisms of
various antibiotics. If one of several types of bacteria
is exposed to the same or similar antibiotics, these
bugs can learn to outlive the effects of the drugs.
The World Health Organization has stated that drug
resistance is one of the major problems we face
today [Source: WHO]. Some bacteria, like MRSA
(methicillin resistant staph aureus) are referred to by
the drug they can resist.

8. • Antibiotic use represents a strong selection pressure
• If a population of bacteria with a few resistant individuals
is exposed to a lethal antibiotic, the susceptible bacteria
will die, but the resistant bacteria will survive
• In an environment with a lot of antibiotic use, resistance
alleles spread rapidly
• The problem is compounded by horizontal gene transfer
and by cross-resistance

9. • Bacteria have the ability to acquire genes from other
bacterium without being its offspring.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpag
e&v=eRvfhljxA4s

11. • Many of the most widely used antimicrobial drugs are already
ineffective
• Pharmaceutical companies cannot create new drugs fast enough to
treat drug resistant bacteria
• Reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics
• Reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics
• Increase public awareness that many diseases cannot be cured with
antibiotics
• Reduce use of agricultural antibiotics
• Increase the number of patients who finish their courses of antibiotics
• Restrict the use of new antibiotics
• Reduce use of agricultural antibiotics
• Increase the number of patients who finish their courses of antibiotics
• Restrict the use of new antibiotics
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UZatOI
Wlf3Y