English Grammar

1. Substantivos: Formação do Plural
Regras para a formação do plural dos substantivos:
1.Em geral, acrescenta-se –s ao singular:
a word  two words a problem  two problems
2. Acrescenta-se –es quando o substantivo terminar em:
s a bus (ônibus) two buses
ss a class (classse; turma) two classes
z* a quis (teste) two quizzes
sh a flash (clarão; instante) two flashes
ch a church (igreja) two churches
x** a box (caixa) two boxes

2. 3. Troca-se o y final por –ies quando ele for precedido
de consoante:
a city  two cities
Quando o y for precedido de vogal, simplesmente
acrescenta-se –s:
a day  two days
4.Acrescenta-se –es a alguns substantivos terminados
em o:
a potato (batata)  two potatoes
a tomato (tomate)  two tomatoes
a hero (héroi)  two heroes
an echo (eco)  some echoes

3. A outros acrescenta-se apenas –s:
photos kilos videos
pianos radios avocados (abacates)
E existem outros em que as duas formas de plural são
possíveis:
mosquitoes/mosquitos volcanoes/ volcanos (vulcões)
Aos terminam em oo acrescenta-se somente –s:
zoos (zoológicos) shampoos (xampus)
bamboos (bambus)
5.Existem dez substantivos bem comuns, terminados
em f ou fe, cujo plural é feito com a troca dessas letras
por –ves:

4. a life (vida)  two lives / a wife (esposa)  two wives
a knife (faca)  two knives / a leaf (folha)  two leaves
a loaf (pão)  two loaves / a wolf (lobo)  two wolves
a thief (ladrão)  two thieves / a shelf (prateleira)  two shelves
a half (metade)  two halves / a calf (bezerro)  two calves

5. A grande maioria dos outros substantivos com essa
terminação tem o simples acréscimo de –s:
a roof (telhado)  two roofs
a safe (cofre)  two safes
a belief (crença)  some beliefs
a cliff (penhasco)  two cliffs
a chief (chefe)  two chiefs
a proff (prova, evidência)  two proffs

6. Estes substantivos fazem o plural de duas formas:
a dwarf (anão)  two dwarfs / dwarves
a scarf (cachecol)  two scarfs / scarves
a hoof (casco de animal)  two hoofs / hooves

7. 6. Há muitos substantivos de uso frequente que têm
formas irregulares de plural. Os mais importantes são:
a man  two men a woman  two women
a child  two children a foot  two feet
a tooth  two teeth a louse (piolho)  two lice
a mouse (camundongo)  two mice
a goose (ganso)  two geese

8. Assinale a alternativa correta que preenche cada lacuna.
1.I say to myself “I have no _____” and I mean it.
a. friend b. enemies c. foot d. feet
2.It has increased the chances of survival for _______ with
leukemia from 20 percent to 80 percent.
a. child b. person c. children d. man
3.During the Olympic Games, some football ________ will
be held outside Rio.
a. matches b. game c. match d. cup

9. 4.This morning I got kidnapped by three masked
__________.
a. child b. men c. woman d. person
5. He had two __________ - a granddaughter six, and a
grandson nearly five.
a.grandchild b. grandchildren
c. grandfather d. grandparentes
6. ________ are united by a common language, Portuguese.
a. Brazil b. Brazilian c. Brazilians d. Brazil’s

10. Assinale a alternativa correta que preenche cada lacuna.
1. I say to myself “I have no enemies” and I mean it.
a. friend b. enemies c. foot d. feet
2. It has increased the chances of survival for children with
leukemia from 20 percent to 80 percent.
a. child b. person c. children d. man
3. During the Olympic Games, some football matches will be held
outside Rio.
a. matches b. game c. match d. cup

11. 4. This morning I got kidnapped by three masked people.
a. child b. men c. woman d. person
5. He had two grandchildren - a granddaughter six, and a
grandson nearly five.
a. grandchild b. grandchildren
c. grandfather d. grandparentes
6. Brazilians are united by a common language, Portuguese.
a. Brazil b. Brazilian c. Brazilians d. Brazil’s