The lecture analyzes the phenomenon of Globalization, the technological revolution, the over exploitation of ICTs, and the rise of Information Society.

1. Globalization, ICTs,
& the Information
Society
Boutkhil Guemide
University Mohammed Boudiaf, M’sila
Algeria

2. Lecture Outline
 INTRODUCTION
Globalization: Definition
 Characteristics of Globalization
 Effects ofGlobalization and in the 21stcentury
ICTs and Globalization
 The growing impact ofICTs onglobalisation
 Information Society: Definition and Characteristics
Information Infrastructure, Networks, & Services
 Information & social change: Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
 Information & social change: Printing & Print Culture
Information & social change: Computer & Computerization

3. INTRODUCTION Achieving financial stability, economicgrowth,andhigher living standards.
 There are many different paths that can be taken to achieve these objectives, and every country's
pathwill be differentgiventhe distinctive nature ofnational economiesandpolitical systems.
 The factors and potentials contributing to China's high growth rate over the past two decades have
been very different from those that have contributed to high growth in different countries; such
as,Malaysia,Indonesia,andSingapore.
 Throughout the world, several basic principles seem to underpin greater prosperity: Investment,
the spread of technology, strong institutions, macroeconomic policies, an educated workforce, and
the existenceofamarketeconomy.
 Furthermore, a common denominator which appears to link nearly all high- growth countries
togetheristheir participation in, andintegrationwith, the global economy.
 There is substantial evidence, from countries of different sizes and different regions, that as
countries "globalize" their citizens benefit, in the form of access to a wider variety of goods and
services, lower prices, more and better-paying jobs, improved health, and higher overall living
standards.
 Much has been achieved in connection with globalization: Poverty declined in East and South Asia,
great progress has been achieved in different economies; and development has been noticed in
differentsocieties.
 It is the people of developing economies who have the greatest need for globalization: It provides
themwith opportunitiesofbeing partofthe world economy.

4. Whatis Globalization?
 Grewal & Levy (2009): “Processes by which goods, services, capital, people,
information, and ideas flowacross national borders”.
 Wild, Wild, & Han (2008): “Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and
technological interdependence among national institutions and economies”.
 A new epoch in human history: A new age in which peoples everywhere are
increasingly subject to the disciplines of the global market.
 Giddens (1999): “Globalization is changing and transforming the structure of
states, the nature of economies, and most of our basic institutions. It is equated
with liberalizationin politics, economy, and culture”.
 Economic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation
and technological progress: It refers to the increasing integration of economies
around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, and
capital across borders.
 The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge
(technology) across international borders.

5.  The term "globalization" began to be used more commonly in the 1980s, reflecting
technological advances that made it easier and quicker to complete international
transactions— both trade and financial flows.
 It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have
operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity—village markets, urban
industries, orfinancial centers.
 There are countless indicators that illustrate how goods, capital, and people, have become
moreglobalized:
 The value of trade (goods and services) as a percentage of world GDP increased from 42.1
percent in 1980 to 62.1percent in 2007.
 Foreign direct investment increased from 6.5 percent of world GDP in 1980 to 31.8 percent
in 2006.
 The stock of international claims (primarily bank loans), as a percentage of world GDP,
increased from roughly 10 percent in 1980 to 48 percentin 2006.
 The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis,
increased from 7.3in 1991 to 28.8 in 2006.
 The number of foreign workers has increased from 78 million people (2.4 percent of the
world population) in 1965 to 191 million people (3.0 percent of the world population) in

6. Globalization Involving Us All

8. Characteristics of Globalization

9. Transparency and Limitless
 Each state and each of its residents have a chance to get
influenced by the incoming foreign cultures, or the
influences in all fields freely which can bring good and
bad effects for each individual and the group itself in line
with the supporting of advances in technology and
information.
 The main role is a developed country where they do
spread lot of information and they influence the
developing countries.
 Limitless or borderless: Every country has the right to
break the national obstacles.
 Each country may freely conduct diplomacy or
cooperation with other countries, regardless of time and
range.
 We also can openly see what happens out there without

10. Connectivity and Integration
 Each region or country has been
connected with the world by way of
'breaking' the national boundaries.
 Each individual and state start
building a connection or link
between one society to another, and
also from one country to another
country.
 “International Cooperation”: The
existence of the multinational
companies, regional and global
organizations which will lead to
increasing of business performance.
 The existence of international and
non- governmental organizations.

11. Science and Technology
 Thinking critically: People seemed to
have started to think globally and more
developed.
 Changes of space and time: Changes
already happened in transportations and
communications.
 The changes of information technology also
can give the effects to another fields like
education, economics, politics, and also
cultures.
 The most changes of technology that can
be felt now are there are many global and
sophisticated communication medias like
hand phones, satellite televisions, and also
tablets that we can hold wherever we are.
 Those communication media will be
increasingly felt if it is added with the
presence of the Internet as its supporter.

12. Mass Media and Culture Interaction
 Globalization: The development of mass
media and the increasing of cultural
interaction.
 The development of mass media:
Television, movies, music, and
transmission international news and
sports.
 We easily learn, exchange information,
and access other cultures outside of our
culture.
 The mixture of western and eastern
cultures.
 Popping up a lot of fast food restaurants
which are brought by western culture:
Pronto, Domino’s Pizza, Mc Donald’s, etc.
 The incoming of the western music’s that
already spread everywhere.

13. Globalization of Economic Activities
 A lot of free trade and the government
does not too control trade anymore.
 They still provide the rules and
regulation that guides free trade.
 Freedom of businessmen and factory
owners to set up industry and trade
either in their country or abroad.
 Big industrials standing wisely on the
top of lands.
 Free exchange of investment,
commodities, services, and
technologies between all nations
around the world.

14. Competition and Dependency between Developed
Countries and Developing Countries
 The strong flow of information and
technology led to competitiveness.
 People who do not have the
advantage will be eliminated and will
be the target to the actors of the
changes in the global situation.
 There is a gap between today's
developed countries and developing
countries.
 Developed countries dominate
information flow in the world, so it
causes dependency among
developing countries themselves.

16. Effects of Globalization in the 21st century
Positive Impacts NegativeImpacts
 A better economy: It introduces rapid development
ofthecapitalmarket
 Introducing new technologies: The new
technologies and progress in telecommunication,
introduction of satellites, mobiles … etc. (The results
ofglobalization).
 Thenew scientific researchpatterns.
 Livingstandardsarerisen.
 Globalization introduces better trade: More people
areemployed;Increasing productivity.
 Apart from economic aspect, globalization has also
broughtan impactonpoliticalandculturaldomain.
 Culturally speaking, globalization has brought in
different ideologies, and thought process amongst
people.
 Politically speaking, onset of Western democratic
systemhasanimpacton politics.
 Globalization brings fear as well: Because of too
much flow of capital amongst countries, it
introduces unfair and immoral distribution of
income.
 Another fear is loosing national integrity: Because of
too much exchange of trade, money, independent
domestic policiesarelost.
 Economic crises: Companies cause many people to
loosetheirjobs.

17. ICTs and Globalization
 ICTs: Information andCommunicationTechnologies.
 “Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to
communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage
information”. i. e. Computers, the Internet, radio and television, and
telephony.
 The services, platforms, and devices that have eroded the barriers of
time and space, making swift and efficient international
communicationflows possible.
 The term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking
components, applications and systems that allow people and
organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and
enterprises) tointeractin thedigitalworld.
 Digital technologies and infrastructure and products that facilitate
the acquisition, storage, analysis, manipulation, and distribution of

19. Types of ICTs
Other technologies that enable collection, processing,
transmission, and presentation of information in a number of
ways including voice, data, text,images,video, and animation.
There are three dominant ICT technologies: PC, cell-phone/
mobile, theInternet,
ICTs also include webcams, email, DVDs, flash memory, hard
drives, servers, and networks,software.
The list of ICT components is exhaustive, and it continues to
grow: Some components; such as, computers and telephones,
have existed for decades.
Smartphones,digital TVs and robots.

21.  ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live: ICT
continuestorevolutionizeallpartsofthehumanexperience.
 Since globalization is seen as an increasingly influential social phenomenon that is
strikingly present in reality, Information communication technologies (ICTs) represent
the main drivers of globalized societies based on knowledge in new global era
(Herselman&Hay,2003).
 Walsham (2001): “ICTs are deeply implicated in the changes that are taking place in
todays’globalized andmodernsociety.ICTsinfluenceonthemodernsociety hasbeen
very strong and it has resulted in radical transformation in communication and
informationexchangearoundtheworld.”
 Kabamba (2008): “Technology advancements that include global telecommunication
infrastructure, cross- border transfer of data, the Internet, satellite networks and
wirelessphonecontributedtotheglobalizationprocess.”
 Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not only limited to the
transfer of information; they can accelerate development; enhance the effectiveness
and efficiency of the highest priority sectors of socio- economic development; for
instance,healthcare,byintroducingappropriateinformationsystems.

22. It is well known that not all parts of the world are
touched and influenced equally by globalization and
ICTs; there are places, which are totally excluded and
isolated from today’s global changes.
It brings about regionalization and; thus, divides the
world into active players and passiveobservers.
The global information infrastructure is creating gaps
between the rich minority and the poor majority larger
and wider than any other socioeconomic and cultural
phenomena in the history of mankind (Robertson 1992;
Appadurai 1996; Castells1996; Bilas& Frank 2010).

23. INFORMATION SOCIETY: DEFINITION
 The most striking feature in the 21st century: Transforming the world
community from the industrial society paradigm to a new civilizational model;
namely, the global information society.
 Information and communication technologies have created new conditions for
the emergence of knowledge societies.
 The emerging global information society: Its raison d’être is to serve the
building, on a global scale, of knowledge societies that are sources of
development for both developed and developing countries.
 In term of information and technologies, many Third World countries suffer
from accumulated intellectual poverty They are unable to
compete intellectuallywith developed countries.
 With regard to information, Third World countries have a very limited share in
the production of global information, making them highly dependent on
developed countries.

24.  Progress in information technologies and communication is changing the
way we live: how we work and do business, how we educate our children,
study and do research, train ourselves, and how we are entertained. The
information society is not only affecting the way people interact but it is
also requiring the traditional organisational structures to be more flexible,
more participatory and more decentralised. (Chair's conclusions from the
G-7MinisterialConferenceon theInformationSociety, February 1995.)
 Information Society: A society characterised by a high level of information
intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and
workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide
range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the
ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between
places irrespective of distance (IBM Community Development
Foundation,1997).

25.  Information Society (IS): A society where the creation, distribution,
use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant
economic, political, and culturalactivity.
 The aim of the information society is to gain competitive advantage
internationally, through using Information Technology (IT) in a
creative and productive way.
 The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart, whereby
wealth is created through the economic exploitation of
understanding.
 People who have the means to partake in this form of society are
sometimes called digital citizens: This is one of many dozen labels
that have been identified to suggest that humans are entering a new
phase of society.
 InformationSociety(IS):Thesuccessor to industrialsociety.

27. IS: Theoretical Foundations
 Daniel Bell (1973): Post- industrial society (“information economy”,
“information society”,“new economy” and “Networked economy”)
 Rise of the service sector
 Decline of agricultural-based economy
 Predominance of “information-based” work
 Knowledge now key factor in the economy, outstripping physical
plant/ manufacturing
 Bell (1973): ‘In the pre-industrial society life is a game against
nature where one works with raw muscle power; In the industrial
era where machines predominates in a technical and rationalized
existence, … . In contrast to both, life in the … information society
based on services, is a game between persons what counts is not
raw muscle power or energy but information (pp, 126- 7)

28. The InformationSociety: The“ThirdWave”
Agricultural Society Industrial Society Information Society
1 2 3

30.  Manuel Castells (2000):TheRise of theNetwork Society
 “Informational Society”: “it indicates the attribute of a specific form of social organization in which
information generation, processing, and transmission become the fundamental sources of productivity
and power because ofnew technological conditions emerging in this historical period.”
 The term means the social structures of the Information Age which is dominated by decentralized
networks;
 Social networks:Driven by macro- electronic communication technologies;
 “NetworkSociety”: The societyof theInformation Age
 Castells :Thefundamental featuresofthe networksociety
 Networks : Appropriate instruments for a capitalist economy based on innovation, globalization, and
decentralized communication,
 A decent close system of nodes through which communication can occur; Every node is necessary for
thesystem tofunction,
 Networks haveopen structure;Theycan expandand contract as necessary;
 TheNew Architectureof Society;A dominant modeof social relations;
 Timeless time and thespace of flows;Not geographically bounded;
 TheNewEconomy: Organized around global networks ofmanagement, capital, and information.
 Castells :Increasing interdependency of financial capital and industrial capital (high technology);
 Financial capital relieson knowledge and information generated and enhanced by ICT,
 Technology and information are decisivetools in generating profits.

31.  ManuelCastells(1996):TheNetworkSociety,
 Due to the explosion and exploitation of information and modern ICTs, the
Information Society is functioning as a network of social, economic, and
cultural structure,
 Modern Information Socities: Network Societies (Proccesses &
phenomena that accompany the implementation of ICTs & the creation of
communicationstructures),
 Network Society: Internet network and network connections between the
subjects;
 The presence of digital technologies: They form the basic infrastructure of
mediating andincreasingarray of social,political,andeconomic practises,
 The creation of the Network Society is the result of New Revolution in
InformationTechnologies.
 The network society leads to more connected, productive, accepting, and
open- mindedglobalsociety,

32. Frank Webster: Five Dimensions of IS

33. Perspectives on the InformationSociety
Technological definitions: focus on rapid increase and
proliferation of information technology and its impact on
society
Economic definitions: focus on measuring size and growth of
informationindustries (as creatorsofwealth)
Occupational definitions: focus on number of individuals
engagedin workrelatedtoinformation
Spatial definitions: focus on networks that connect locations
andhavedramaticeffect ontheorganizationoftimeandspace
Cultural definitions: focus on increase of information in daily
lives

34. Focus on rapid increase and
proliferation of information
technologyandits impactonsociety
New technologies: The most visible
indicators of new times; The coming
ofan informationsociety.
Cable and satellite television, computer-
to computer communications, personal
computers, new office technologies,
online informationservices.
Technological innovations leads to
a reconstitution of the social world
becauseits impactisso profound.
The merging of (ICTs) is of such
consequence that we are being ushered
into anew sort ofsociety.

35. Economic
Focus on measuring size and
growth of information industries
(as creators of wealth)
Information industries (education, law,
publishing, media and computer manufacture)
change the economic structure.
The primary and secondary
information sectors of the
economy.
The primary sector: It has an ascribable market
price,
The secondary sector: It is essential to all
modern-day organisation, involves informational
activities within companies and stateinstitutions
Information-based economy

36. Occupational
Focus on number of
individuals engaged in
work related to
information
Occupational change: The
transformative power of
information;
Information: drawn upon and
generated in occupations, or
embodied in people through
their education and
experiences.
‘thinking smart’, being
‘inventive’, and having the
capacity to develop and
exploit ‘networks’ is actually
the key to the new economy.
The economy today is
led and energised by people whose
major characteristic is the capacity
to manipulate information.
Wealth production comes,
not from physical effort, but
from ‘ideas, knowledge,
skills, talent and creativity’

37. Spatial
Focus on networks that connect
locations and have dramatic
effect ontheorganizationof time
andspace
Popular index of the information society:
Information networks have become
prominent features of socialorganisation.
The centrality of information networks
link different locations within and
between an office, a town, a region, a
continent – indeed, the entire world.
A ‘wired society’ operating at the
national, international and global
level to provide an ‘information ring
main’
All connected to networks of one sort or
another– networks themselves are expanding
their reach and capabilities in an exponential
manner.

38. Cultural
Focus on increase of information in dailylives
Technologies are becoming an important
part of people’s information environment
New media surround us, presenting
us with messages to which we may or
may not respond.

39. The “Information Age”
Information: The symbol for
our times
Emergence of highly educated
public with ready access to
knowledge

40. Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom

41. Data: Raw & unprocessed; material out of which information is
created; building blocks; often numbers, letters, symbols;
meaning is not yet apparent or assigned
Information: Processed and communicated with meaning;
organized or classified data that has meaning; “informs” us;
implies some type of human processing or understanding; must
be true or accurate; must go from one person to another (like a
spreadsheet or budget report) -- processed withmeaning
 Knowledge: Further processed and interrelated; cohesive body
of information integrated into a larger body of information;
interrelated-- further processedandorganized
 Wisdom: Knowledge applied to benefit humanity

42. Characteristics of Information as a Resource
Naturally diffusive
Reproduces rather than being consumed
Can be shared & exchanged
Compressible
Substitutable
Transportable
Basis of industries; such as, research,
education, publishing, marketing, politics
(worldwide)

43. The Information Infrastructure
“Institutions and individuals
involved in the dynamic process by
which information is created,
disseminated, and used in society”
(Rubin)
Foundations and framework
Libraries playvital role

44. Information Cycle
Creatorsof
information
Information
products
Distributorsof
information
Disseminators
ofinformation
Usersof
information

45. Creators ofinformation writers, musicians, artists,
researchers, database producers,
web producers
Informationproducts books, videos, magazines, CDs, web
sites, etc.
Distributors of
information
publishers, Internet providers, vendors,
producers
Disseminators of
information
schools, libraries, colleges and
universities, businesses, government,
museums,
Users ofinformation individuals, business persons,

46. Information Infrastructure, Networks,& Services
 Information infrastructure: "an awesome shared, evolving, open,
standardized, andheterogeneous installedbase“ (Ole Hanseth, 2002).
 Pironti (2006): “… all of the people, processes, procedures, tools, facilities, and
technology which supports the creation, use, transport, storage, and
destruction of information”.
 Information infrastructure: Engineering and technical structure of an
organizational form.
 Information infrastructure: Introduced in the 1990’s and then later
developed into Information Systems(IS).
 Information technology infrastructure: Physical and virtual resources that
support the flow, storage, processing, and analysisof data.
 Infrastructure may be centralized within a data center, or it may be
decentralized and spread across several data centers that are controlled by an
organization.

47. Infrastructure components
Datacenter
Power supply
Cooling system
Servers
Storage
systems
Networking
devices
Physical
cabling
Network
appliances
ITSecurity
Internet
infrstructure

48. Network Infrastructure
Network infrastructure: The hardware and software
resources of an entire network that enable network
connectivity, communication, operations and
management ofan enterprise network.
It provides the communication path and services
between users, processes, applications, services, and
external networks.
The entire network infrastructure is interconnected,
and can be used for both internal and external
communications.

49. Networking
Hardware
Network
Services
Networking
Software

50. Information& social change:Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
 The Age of Computerization: Networked computer and communications systems are becoming
part of the daily life of the public: Allowing public access to the Internet is the most pivotal public
policy choice that stimulated this rise in networked computing;
 The possibilities of widespread Internet use have also stimulated substantial developments in a
variety of applications; such as, electronic commerce, distance education, electronic publishing,
digital libraries, and virtual communities.
 The emergence of these new applications has excited considerable speculation about the social
changes that could arise if these kinds of Internet uses were to become widespread.
 Would electronic commerce, as illustrated by Amazon.com and eBay, erode the markets of physical
stores?
 Could distance education provide new opportunities for a sound, inexpensive, and convenient
education athome?
 Would widespread distance education become commonplace and rapidly erode the demand for
place-based colleges and universities?
 Would electronic journals develop rapidly as low-cost alternatives to increasingly expensive print
journals?
 Would digital libraries erode the demand for “brick and mortar” libraries?
 In turn, if so much social activity shifted from face-to-face, place-based settings to these new online
forums, would community life erode?

51.  TheInternet provides better information
 ICT, in practice, is socially shaped:ICT characterizedastools create social impacts;
 ICT: A sociotechnicalnetwork:
 Sociotechnical:The interrelatedness of social andtechnical aspects of a society as a whole;
 An approach which optimizes the interaction of people and technology in society;
 Sociotechnical Systems (STS): The social aspects of people and society and technical
aspects of technology (both infrastructure andprocesses).
 Technical:Structure and a broadersense of technicalities.
 The devices, tools, and techniques needed to transform inputs into outputs in a way which
enhances performanceand interaction inside the society.
 Thesocial system comprises the people, the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and needs.
 The use and value of the Internet: Providing new kinds of communications to support a
cornucopia of human activities in virtually every profession and kind of institution .
 The professional and middle classes have found the Internet to be useful for communication
with some government agencies, some forms of shopping, tracking investments,
maintaining ties with friends and family via e-mail, andas a sourceof entertainment.
 Thereareways inwhich the Internetenables the middle- class public to havebetteraccess to
important information ,

53. Information & social change: Media & Print Culture
 Printculture:Allformsof printedtextand otherprintedformsof visualcommunication,
 Print culture is the conglomeration of effects on human society that is created by making printed
formsof communication.
 Printcultureencompassesmanystagesas ithas evolvedinresponsetotechnologicaladvances.
 Gunkel (2003): ‘society is currently in the late age of the text; the moment of transition from print
toelectronicculturewhereit istoolate forprintedbooksand yettooearlyforelectronictexts’.
 Bolter(2003):"thelateageof print."
 Whether or not the computer will replace the printed book as the repository and definition of
human knowledge.
 There is still a very large audience committed to printed texts, who are not interested in moving to
a digitalrepresentationof therepositoryforhumanknowledge.
 Gunkel stated that information now takes the form of immaterial bits of digital data that are
circulatedat thespeedof light.
 Placing information into electronic form not only liberates the information from its pages, but
makesitaccessibletoeveryoneand everywhere.
 People have become increasingly accustomed to acquiring information from homes that used to
beonlyaccessiblefroman officeorlibrary.
 Oncecomputersare allnetworked,allinformationshouldbeaccessiblefromallplaces.

55. Information& socialchange:Computer & Computerization
 Computers have a significant impact on society: The vast
majority of people are using computers.
 Development of science and technology has direct effect on our
daily life as well as in our social life.
 Computer technology has made communication possible from
one part of the world to the other in seconds: They can see the
transactions in one part of the world while staying in the other
part.
 Computer development is one of the greatest scientific
achievements of the 20th century.
 Computers are used in various fields as well as in teaching and
learning:

56. Anaidto management The computer can also be used as a management tool to assist in solving
business problems.
Banking Branches are equipped with terminals giving them an online accounting facility
and enabling them to information as such things as current balances, deposits,
overdraftsandinterestcharges.
IndustrialApplication In industry, production may be planned, coordinated and controlled with the aid
ofa computer.
Engineering Design Computer help in calculating that all the parts of a proposed design are
satisfactoryandalsoassistin thedesigning.
Meteorology Data is recorded at different levels of atmosphere at different places, using
remotesensorscarriedon asatellite.
AirTravel Smallcomputersareinstalledasa partoftheplane'sequipment.
RoadTraffic Control Computersassistwiththe controloftrafficlights.
Telephones Computerized telephone exchanges handle an ever increasing volume of calls
very efficiently.
Medicine Computers are widely used in hospitals for such task as maintaining drugs,
surgical equipments and linen, for payroll and also for checkup and treatment of

57. Positive Impactsof Computer Negative Impacts of Computer
 The work can be done in very
lesstime.
 More information can be stored
insmallspace.
 Multitasking & multiprocessing
capabilities of data.
 Easyto access data.
 Impartiality.
 Documentscan bekept secret.
 Error free result.
 It can be used for various
purposes. i.e. It can be used in
anytype of work.
 Highly expensive.
 Accidents.
 Datapiracy.
 IncreasedUnemployment.
 Huge data and information can be
lostsometimes.
 Fast changing computer
technology.
 Servicedistribution.
 Illiteracy of computing and
computers.

59. Thank you for your
attention