HTTP 프로토콜의 이해와 활용

1. All That Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 강상진 Email: sangjinn@gmail.com Twi;er: @sangjinn 2015년 7월

2. 강상진

3. (Brandon

4. Kang)

6. 전)

7. 삼성SDS

8. 솔루션

9. 개발센터

10. 선임

11. 개발자

12. 전)

13. 한국마이크로소프트

14. 소프트웨어

15. 연구소

16. 책임

17. 연구원

18. 현)

19. 아카마이

20. 한국

21. 법인

22. 시니어

23. 기술

24. 프로젝트

25. 매니저

26. 리드

28. IT

29. 도서

30. 집필/번역

31. IT

32. 트렌드,

33. 웹

34. 프로그래밍,

35. 모바일

36. 앱

37. 개발,

38. 게임

39. 개발

40. 등

42. IT

43. 강연/강의/기고

44. KOBA,

45. KGC,

46. Icon,

47. MSDN,

48. 마이크로소프트웨어,

49. 방송과

50. 기술

51. 등

53. 트위터:

54. @SangJin_Kang

56. 기술

57. 블로깅

58. https://community.akamai.com/blogs/brandon

60. http://brandonk.tistory.com

63. AUTHOR

64. Internet •  1969 미 국방성 알파넷(ARPANET) 등장 •  1972 이메일 탄생 •  1974 인터넷(Internet) 용어 처음 사용 •  1975 TCP/IP 개발, 시운전 개시 •  1979 USENET 구축(net* 뉴스그룹 생성) •  1982 TCP/IP 도입 ( 인터넷 개념 정립 ) •  1984 DNS (Domain Name System ) 제시 •  1986 NSFNET 구축 •  1991 팀 버너스 리에 의해 WWW(WorldWideWeb) 개발 •  1993 InterNIC, Mosaic 등장으로 WWW 사용률 급증 •  1994 넷스케이프 네비게이터 1.0 발표 , W3C 구성 •  1995 NSFNET 해체되고 ISP 등이 운용. 본격 상업화, 대중화, 정보 고속화 •  1996 MS Internet Explorer 발표 •  1998 세계 인터넷 이용자수 1억 명 돌파

65. HTTP •  The most popular TCP protocol •  Protocol for web •  Generally, Between web browser and web server •  Request -‐ Response Structure •  HTTP 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 2.0 (Feb. 2015 Now)

66. HTTP History •  HTTP 0.9 -‐ HTTP의 탄생 팀 버너스리가 최초에 웹을 발명했을 때 사용하던 프로토콜 현재의 HTTP와 다르게 헤더가 없으며, GET 메소드만 있음. •  HTTP 1.0 -‐ HTTP 최초의 표준화 IETF 에서 표준화하여 1993년에 Drac 공개후, 1996년에 최종 버전(RFC 1945) 헤더의 도입, GET 이외의 메서드 추가 •  HTTP 1.1 -‐ HTTP의 완성 1997년 RFC 2068 에서 개정하여 1999년 RFC 2616 발행. 현재의 1.1 스펙 채널전송, Accept 헤더에 의한 content negodadon, cache-‐control, Keep-‐Alive 등 추가 •  SPDY -‐ 좀더 빠른 웹을 위한 실험적인 프로토콜 구글이 제안하는 HTTP 프로토콜의 개선안. SSL/헤더 압축/다중 스트림/요청 우선 순위 등 HTTP/2

67. –

68. 2015년

69. 2월

70. 발표

72. URI (Uniform Resource Idendﬁers)

73. -‐ Quiz -‐ URL과 URI의 차이점은?

74. Uniform Resource Idenfier (URI) is a string of characters used to idendfy a name or a web resource h;p://www.apple.com/iphone/features/ h;p://www.apple.com/ipad/specs/ h;p://www.apple.com/macbook-‐pro/performance/ h;p://www.apple.com/support/iphone/syncing/ Uniform Resource Locator (URL) (also known as web address, pardcularly when used with HTTP) is a specific character string that consdtutes a reference to a resource. Uniform Resource Name (URN) is the historical name for a Uniform Resource Idendfier (URI) that uses the urn: scheme. 한글 깔끔정리 h;p://blog.lael.be/post/61

75. HTTP Operadon Before systems can exchange HTTP messages, they must establish a TCP connecdon. Steps 1, 2, and 3 in this example show the connecdon establishment. Once the TCP connecdon is available, the client sends the server an HTTP request. The ﬁnal two steps, 6 and 7, show the closing of the TCP connecdon.

76. HTTP Operadon Before systems can exchange HTTP messages, they must establish a TCP connecdon. Steps 1, 2, and 3 in this example show the connecdon establishment. Once the TCP connecdon is available, the client sends the server an HTTP request. The ﬁnal two steps, 6 and 7, show the closing of the TCP connecdon.

77. Persistent Connecdon (HTTP1.X) With persistent connecdons, a client can issue many HTTP requests over a single TCP connecdon. The ﬁrst request is in step 4, which the server answers in step 5. In step 6 the client condnues by sending the server another request on the same TCP connecdon. The server responds to this request in step 7 and then closes the TCP connecdon. 참고: h;ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_persistent_connecdon

78. Pipelining (HTTP1.1) Pipelining lets an HTTP client issue new requests without waidng for responses from its previous messages. In the ﬁgure, the client sends its ﬁrst request in step 4. It immediately follows that with a second request in step 5. The client does not wait for the server’s response, which arrives in step 6. 참고: h;ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_pipelining

79. HTTP Method GET POST … CONNECT PUT DELETE OPTION TRACE WebDAV …

80. -‐ Quiz -‐ 왜 POST를 사용하는가? GET과는 무엇이 다른가?

81. GET / POST A server responds to a POST request by returning new informadon such as search results. This informadon is carried as data in the response. A server responds to a GET request by returning the requested resource, ocen a new Web page. The new page is the data in the response. POST is using when client wants to send data to server. ex) Web Forms

82. OPTION / HEAD The HEAD request mimics a GET operadon, except that the server does not actually return the requested object, only HTTP headers. Clients can use an OPTIONS request to ask about a pardcular object or about the server itself. The server returns the opdons data in its response. OPTION is ocen used by hackers to ﬁnd out which method web server support.

83. PUT / DELETE The DELETE operadon lets a client remove an object from a server. The URI idendﬁes the object to delete. Clients can use the PUT request to send a new object to a server. The URI that’s part of the request tells the server where to put the object. PUT DELETE should be granted ONLY permi;ed admins

84. TRACE The TRACE request lets clients discover the path their messages follow through a network of intermediate servers. The TRACE message gives clients a way to check the network path to a server. When a server receives a TRACE, it responds simply by copying the TRACE message itself into the data for the response. TRACE are more useful when muldple servers are involved in responding a request

85. Virtual Hosdng Virtual hosdng lets many Web addresses share the same Web server. This conﬁguradon is typical in ISPs that provide Web hosdng for small businesses and individuals.

86. -‐  Quiz -‐ 요청 헤더(Req. header) 중, HOST 헤더가 필요한 이유는?

87. Before Virtual Hosdng HTTP 1.1 instead of the straighrorward uri “h;p://www.company1.com/news.html,” the company1.com Web site might use the more complicated like “h;p:// www.company1.com/company1.com/news.html.”

88. Proxy Server A proxy server posidons itself in between clients and servers. It forwards requests on behalf of clients and relays responses from the servers.

89. Gateway A gateway accepts HTTP requests and translates them to a diﬀerent format such as SQL. The gateway also ensures that any reply is a proper HTTP response.

90. HTTP Request An HTTP request begins with a Request-‐Line and may include headers and a message body. The headers can describe general communicadons, the speciﬁc request, or the included message body.

91. HTTP Response An HTTP response begins with a Status-‐Line and may include headers and a message body. The headers can describe the general communicadons, the speciﬁc response, or the included message body.

92. Popular Headers

93. Popular Headers

94. Accept Series The Accept header, which is a request header, lets a client explicitly indicate what types of content it can accept in the message body of the server’s response, as well as its reladve preference for each content type. The Accept-‐Encoding header gives clients another way to express their preferences for the message body of the server’s response Clients can include an Accept-‐Charset header in their requests to tell the server which character encodings they prefer for the message body returned in the response.

95. -‐ Quiz -‐ 브라우저에 캐시된 콘텐트는 언제까지 사용되는가?

96. Caching

97. Content Series Content-‐Language Content-‐Length

98. Cookie Servers can return state management cookies in their responses. Clients, if they wish, include those cookies in subsequent requests to the same server.

99. -‐ Quiz -‐ 크기가 매우 큰 파일의 일부만을 다운받고 싶다면? Ex) P2P applicadon

100. Range Request FULL GET

101. Range Request Pardal-‐All GET

102. Range Request Pardal GET HTTP Request가 늘어나는 방식 YouTube : h;p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ips2mM7Zqw 한글 블로그 참고: h;p://npcode.com/blog/archives/762 영문 블로그 참고: h;p://stackoverﬂow.com/quesdons/8293687/sample-‐h;p-‐range-‐request-‐session

103. If Series The If-‐Range header lets a client ask for either part of an object or, if the part is no longer valid, the endre object, all in a single request. A proxy server can use the If-‐Modiﬁed header to ask for an object only if it has changed. In this example the object has not changed, so the server returns a 304 status.

104. -‐ Quiz -‐ 301 / 302 Response 의 차이점은? 참고: h;p://www.seo-‐korea.com/301-‐vs-‐302-‐redirect/

105. HTTP Response Code h;p://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-‐sec10.html

106. Demo 1. Spooﬁng Device 2. Spooﬁng Client IP 3. CURL operadons h;p://curl.haxx.se 4. Charles Proxy tools

107. LAB 1) Mock Server 서비스를 활용하여 Request Header 확인하기 h;p://requestb.in

108. LAB 2) Mock Server 서비스를 활용하여 Response Header 생성하기 h;p://www.mocky.io

109. Demo 1) IP DB / Device DB examples h;p://edc.edgesuite.net 2) HTTP/2 Demo h;ps://h;p2.akamai.com

110. -‐ QA -‐

HTTP 프로토콜의 이해와 활용

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HTTP 프로토콜의 이해와 활용