1. Research Findings Bret L. Simmons, Ph.D.University of Nevada, Renowww.bretlsimmons.com

2. Research question What affects employee performance in this organization? Supervisors rated employee performance Employees answered questions about their work attitudes and personality 75 matched pairs of employee/supervisor responses

3. Respondents State employees All office/clerical workers Mean age 44 77% female All had experienced a cut in pay (furlough) due to state budget cuts one month before the surveys were administered

4. Hypotheses We thought some of the following might influence employee performance: Job satisfaction (pay, promotion, work itself, supervisor, co-workers, overall) Organizational affective commitment Trust in the supervisor Interpersonal citizenship behavior Organizational climate Employee personalities

6. Co-workersEmployee Performance

7. Findings: Interpretation Interpersonal citizenship behavior was the only thing that affected employee performance in this study Employees were more likely to exhibit good interpersonal citizenship behavior to the extent they were satisfied with their supervisor and co-workers

8. Measure: Employee Performance Quality Quantity Following procedures Ability to help others Ability to get along with others Productivity under pressure Acceptance of responsibility Adaptation to different situations Overall performance

9. Measure: Interpersonal Citizenship Takes a personal interest in coworkers Shows concern and courtesy towards coworkers, even under the most trying situations Takes on extra responsibilities in order to help coworkers when things get demanding at work Takes time to explain regulations or procedures to coworkers when things get demanding at work Goes out of the way to help coworkers with work-related problems Compliments coworkers when they succeed Always goes out of the way to help newer employees feel welcome in the work group

10. Measure: Satisfaction with Supervisor My supervisor is quite competent in doing his/her job My supervisor is fair to me My supervisor shows interest in the feelings of subordinates I like my supervisor

11. Measure: Satisfaction with Co-workers I like the people I work with There is too much bickering and fighting at work (reverse scored) I find I have to work harder at my job than I should because of the incompetence of people I work with (reverse scored) I enjoy my co-workers

12. Things that did not matter Organizational commitment Satisfaction with: Pay Promotion The work itself Organizational Climate Employee personalities

13. Recommendations Encourage employees to help each other and recognize/reward them when they do Provide supervisors the training to become excellent leaders. Recognize and reward them for their treatment of employees. Focus on selection and promotion systems. Hire employees with a history of helping others at work and ONLY promote to management employees that are good citizens. Include interpersonal citizenship in your formal performance appraisal process