First presented at Certas Energy's Clean Air breakfast event on 22nd May 2017, this presentation introduces a new entrant into the clean air debate - paraffinic fuels. With improved combustion properties, these cleaner alternatives can be used in standard diesel and gas oil engines while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90%. With no investment in infrastructure, machinery or vehicles required, they could play a vital role in cleaning up Britain's industry. Certas Energy is the first to introduce and pioneer Shell GTL Fuel (Gas-To-Liquid) in the UK, with the aim of improving air quality.

1. Cleaning up British Industry
Monday 22 May 2017
RAC Club, Pall Mall

2. Agenda
Brian Worrall, Director of Corporate Affairs at Certas Energy
• Why British industry needs GTL and the Certas Supply Chain
Dr Richard Clark, Senior Scientist Alternative Fuels, Shell Global Solutions
• GTL and its technical properties
Nick Molden, Founder and CEO, Emissions Analytics
• GTL tests in the UK
Rebecca Swann, Product Manager – Fuel and Services, Certas Energy
• Customer case studies
Question and Answer Session

3. Why British industry needs GTL and
the Certas Energy supply chain
Brian Worrall
Director of Corporate Affairs
Certas Energy

4. • Largest independent distributor of
fuels and lubricants in the UK
• 5.7 billion litres of fuel delivered with
18% market share in the oil market
• 1,000 tankers and over 140 locations
• Over 2,400 employees
• 100 million litres of storage capacity
• Leaders in safety first with numerous
ISO accreditations
• Socially responsible business model
supporting local economies
• Certas Energy is part of DCC plc
We are Certas Energy

5. We operate a number of business units
Shell and Certas have partnered to bring GTL into the UK

6. • As it stands, the UK will not comply with the legal limits set
out in the Climate Change Act for air quality until 2025 and
in London not until 2030
• The health and environmental implications of high levels of
nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and particulate matter
(PM) including the onset of Alzheimer’s and chronic heart
and lung disease are a major national concern
• The introduction of Ultra Low Emission Zones in London
by 2019 means that businesses with vehicles and off-road
machinery operating in these zones will need to
dramatically reduce emissions to comply with these new
regulations
• From a CSR perspective, businesses are under increasing
pressure to demonstrate that they are operating in a way
that limits harm to the environment or population –
reducing emissions is a key way to improving the
sustainability of day-to-day operations
Why now?

7. Source: DEFRA
Grey shaded area shows too high NO2 levels
The UK is breaking UK & EU laws with its
current air pollution levels. Air quality plans for
16 regions and cities (including London,
Manchester, Birmingham, and Glasgow) will not
comply with legal limits for air quality until 2025;
in the case of London not until after 2030.
NOx levels

8. • NRMM used across the ‘central activity zone’
& Canary Wharf are required to meet stage
IIIB of the directive as a minimum
• NRMM used on the site of any major
development within Greater London will be
required to meet stage IIIA of the directive as
a minimum
Ultra low emission zones
Examples of NRMM:
Diesel generators
Plant machinery
Fork lifts
Cranes

9. DfT proposal
• Rallying support from DfT
• Numerous test beds taking place for HVO &
GTL

10. • The Alliance for Synthetic
Fuels in Europe (ASFE)
(www.synthetic-fuels.eu)
continues to get positive
feedback from politicians
about the role of paraffinic
fuels
• The European Union
acknowledges and
encourages the use of
paraffinic fuels (GTL, BTL
and HVO) for air quality
improvements in Directives
Slide presented by the EU to the Clean Power for Transport Stakeholders Expert
Group - 24 November 2013
European Union Support

11. GTL – Market
Ultra Low Emission
Zones
Local Authorities Climate Change Act
Bio Content rise
Medium
Combustion
Directive &
consultation
DEFRA consultation
Supreme Court
ruling on Client
Earth
DfT proposals
Social responsibility
– early adopters
within
organisations
Media
Social and public
pressure
Advocacy ongoing
campaigns

12. What are paraffinic fuels?
• Paraffinic fuel is defined as a liquid fuel that can be synthetically manufactured from feedstocks such as
natural gas, biomass, coal or from hydro-treating vegetable oil.
• There are three main types of paraffinic fuels; hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), gas to liquid (GTL) and
biomass to liquid (BTL).
• In April 2016, a new standard for paraffinic diesel fuels was ratified by the European Committee for
Standardisation. The new EN15940 standard, provides a standard technical platform for markets
around the use of paraffinic fuels.
• Technical detail and test results
follow, but this this fuel is one
potential element of a mix of
solutions to the air quality issues
• It is available now and can be used
as a drop in fuel
• There is no pre-ordained solution
to energy and air quality issues, it
is likely to take longer and be more
complex than we think to make
progress in all areas
• These fuels are part of this
solution, should be part of the
debate, don’t mean all diesel cars
need to be replaced and we can
start now

13. Paraffinic fuels are already available in Europe,
and there’s a plentiful supply
• Global GTL diesel production is
currently at around 6.7 million
tonnes per year, and expected to
rise to between 8 and 14 million
tonnes in 2030 based on currently
announced projects.
• Global HVO Renewable Diesel
production capacity in 2016 was
around 4.1 million tonnes. The
majority of the product is sold in
the EU. The global production
capacity is expected to increase to
around 7million tonnes, by 2020,
from the announced projects.

14. Shell GTL Fuel
• Eastham – marked and unmarked
• Ashford depot – marked
• Peel Ports bunker site - unmarked
Green D+ (HVO)
• Dagenham
The supply chain is continually growing,
particularly as demand increases in areas.
Both are premium products with different
price points.
UK Supply chain
We already have more than 50 customers in Ashford,
a significant number of tests underway, and huge
potential to contribute to pressing air quality issues

15. Copyright of Shell International 15
Shell GTL Fuel
Dr. Richard Clark
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May 2017

16. Copyright of Shell International
Gas-to-Liquids technology
Catalytic process to convert gas to oil products
16
Copyright of Shell International
Stage 3: Hydro-Cracking and SeparationStage 2: SynthesisStage 1: Gasification
+ + HYDRO-CRACKING
CATALYST
SYNGAS
Methane
(natural gas)
Oxygen
(from air)
Hydrogen Carbon
Monoxide
Fischer Tropsch Wax + Water
+
May 2017
SYN-CRUDE

17. Copyright of Shell International
Starting in Holland in 1973, Shell has 40 years of experience producing GTL
products
The Pearl GTL project in perspective:
 World’s largest GTL plant on a site the
size of Central Park in New York
 Steel used equals to 10 Eiffel towers
CONTINUED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Laboratory
Amsterdam
grams/d
1973
Pilot plant
Amsterdam
3 bbl/d
1983
Bintulu Malaysia
current capacity:
14,700 bbl/d
1993 2012+
Pearl GTL Qatar
140,000 bbl/d
17
 50,000 workers from 50 nations
were involved
 One GTL reactor weighs as much
as 7 Jumbo Jets
May 2017

18. Copyright of Shell International
SHELL GTL FUEL HAS MANY ADVANTAGES
 Can reduce noise
Engine noise reductions of 1-4 dB
 Drop in fuel
Easy to integrate with new and older on-road diesel engines. No infrastructure investment
required.
 Cold start
Excellent low temperatur performance, low cloud point
 Storage stability
No bio component and good oxidation stability
 Non-toxic & Readily biodegradable
Likely to be more benign, biodegradable and pose less environmental hazards than conventional
diesel
 Less smell
Odorless, noticeable to customers
 Lower emissions
Lower regulated emissions (PM, NOx, CO, & HC)
18May 2017

19. Copyright of Shell International
Europe has a specification for GTL Fuel – EN15940
May 2017 19
GTL vs.
EN 590
EN 590 CEN EN15940
Class A (incl. Shell GTL Fuel) Class B
Property Unit Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Cetane number Higher 51.0 70.0 51.0
Density at 15 °C kg/m3 Lower 820.0 845.0 765.0 800.0 780.0 810.0
Total aromatics content % (m/m)
Lower
1.0 1.0
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content % (m/m) 11
Sulfur content mg/kg Lower 10 5.0 5.0
Flash point °C Same >55 >55 >55
Carbon residue (on 10 % distillation residue) % (m/m) Same 0.30 0.30 0.30
Ash content % (m/m) Same 0.01 0.01 0.01
Water content mg/kg Same 200 200 200
Total contamination mg/kg Same 24 24 24
Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 50 °C) Same Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Oxidation stability g/m3 Same 25 25 25
Oxidation stability hrs Same 20 20 20
FAME content % (V/V) Same 7.0 7.0 7.0
Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4)
at 60 °C
μm Same 460 460 460
Viscosity at 40 °C mm2/s Same 2.00 4.50 2.00 4.50 2.00 4.50
Distillation 95 % (V/V) recovered at °C Same 360 360 360
Distillation % (V/V) recovered at 250 °C % (V/V) Same <65 <65 <65
Distillation % (V/V) recovered at 350 °C % (V/V) Same 85 85 85
 EN15940 analogous format to conventional diesel specification (EN590) for ease of customers
 Control of parameters related to paraffinic fuel chemistry (linked to emissions benefits)

20. Real-world emissions testing:
GTL fuel
Nick Molden
22 May 2017

21. 21
• Founded in 2011
• Headquartered in UK, with operations in Oxford, Los Angeles and Stuttgart
• Specialist in PEMS testing and data analysis
• 1400+ vehicles tested
• Largest commercially available database of real-world emissions data
• Works with OEMs, Tier 1/2 suppliers, fuel and chemical companies, regulators,
consultancies, consumer media
Emissions Analytics’ credentials

22. 22
Equipment
• SEMTECH-DS and -LDV
• Portable Emissions Measurement System
connects to tailpipe
• Captures emissions for CO2, CO, NO, NO2,
total hydrocarbons
• At 1 Hertz
• Air temperature, pressure, humidity
• GPS for speed and altitude
• Engine data via CANBUS
• Fuel economy derived via carbon balance
• Weight addition 100kg

23. 23

24. 24
• Test results from off-road programme – two generators
• ISO 8178 D2 protocol
• 4.2% reduction in CO2 emissions
• Entails increased operational fuel efficiency
• 9.6% reduction in NOx emissions
• 17.3% reduction in total hydrocarbons
• No change in carbon monoxide
 Consistency of performance between different engines and loads
Results on GTL

25. Nick Molden, Chief Executive Officer
nick@emissionsanalytics.com
+44 (0) 20 7193 0489
+44 (0) 7765 105902
25

26. Cleaner Fuel, for Cleaner Air –
THE PROOF
Rebecca Swann
Product Manager, Certas Energy

27. Cleaner Fuel for Cleaner Air – THE PROOF

28. U-OV Buses
 0.5% reduction in fuel consumption
 1-3dB reduction in engine noise
 Reduction in local emissions of PM and NOx
 Reduction in operational costs

29. Groningen municipality
 Vehicle handling unaffected
 Reduction in engine noise
 Reduced emissions and smell of diesel

30. Mammoet
 Up to 13% reduction in NOx emissions
 Up to 22% reduction in PM
 Up to 28% reduction in carbon monoxide

31. DB Schenker
 Up to 60% reduction in particulate matter
 Maintenance savings of €75,000
 Reduction in downtime

32. The Hague and BAM

33. Blue Boat Company

34. Milestones so far

35. For more information on Shell GTL Fuel
please visit www.certasenergy.co.uk or
contact us on 0300 600 4240.